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Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests with Non-boiled and Boiled Momordica Charantia Fruits

Md. Mahbubur Rahman
Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

Sadia Israt Khanom
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Sujon Chandra Sarkar
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Mohammed Rahmatullah*
Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Background: The fruits of Momordica charantia L. are considered to lower blood glucose levels and as such are consumed in the raw state in Bangladesh. The fruits are also consumed in the cooked form as a vegetable. Since cooking involves boiling or steaming, it was of interest to evaluate antihyperglycemic activity of boiled versus nonboiled fruits. Methods: Antihyperglycemic activity was determined through oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in mice. Results: Administration of methanol extract of non-boiled Momordica charantia fruits (MEMC-NB) at doses of 100 and 200 mg per kg body weight to glucose-loaded mice reduced blood glucose levels by 17.4 and 26.2%, respectively. Methanol extract of boiled fruits (MEMC-B) at the same two doses reduced blood glucose levels by 23.2 and 30.2%, respectively. By comparison, a standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, when administered at a dose of 10 mg per kg body weight, reduced blood glucose level by 51.0%. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of fruits of Momordica charantia (MEMC) can be antihyperglycemic in both non-boiled and boiled form. However, boiling induced a higher lowering of blood glucose suggesting that the fruits possibly will be better for diabetic patients when consumed in the cooked form for lowering blood glucose.

Keywords: Antihyperglycemic, Momordica charantia, Glibenclamide, OGTT, Mice.

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Bitter gourd

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential through oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of methanol extract of non-boiled and boiled (steamed) fruits of Momordica charantia (MEMCNB and MEMCB).

Methodology:

Plant material collection and extraction Fruits (unripe) of Momordica charantia were collected from a local market in Dhaka city, Bangladesh during December, 2016. Plant specimen was taxonomically identified by a trained botanist at the University of Development Alternative. The sliced air-dried fruits were grounded into a fine powder and 100g of the powder was extracted with methanol (1:5, w/v) for 48 hours. The extract (MEMCNB) was evaporated to dryness and stored at -20oC till use. The final weight of MEMCNB was 8.308g. For preparation of methanol extract of boiled fruits (MEMCB), sliced fruits were steamed over a steamer for 20 minutes followed by air-drying. The air-dried fruits were grounded into a fine powder and 100g of the powder was extracted with methanol (1:5, w/v) for 48 hours. The extract (MEMCB) was evaporated to dryness and stored at -20oC till use. The final weight of MEMCB was 12.625g.

Chemicals and Drugs Glibenclamide and glucose were obtained from Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bangladesh. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.

Animals Swiss albino mice, which weighed between 12-15g were used in the present study. The animals were obtained from International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). The animals were acclimatized for three days prior to actual experiments. During this period, they were kept in a temperature-controlled room (25oC) and given standard mice chow and water ad libitum. The study was conducted following approval by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) for evaluation of antihyperglycemic activity Oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out as per the procedure previously described by Joy and Kuttan (1999)[38] with minor modifications. Briefly, fasted mice were grouped into six groups of five mice each. The various groups received different treatments like Group 1 received vehicle and served as control, Group 2 received standard drug (glibenclamide, 10 mg/kg body weight). Groups 3 and 4 received MEMCNB at doses of 100 and 200 mg per kg body weight, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 received, respectively, 100 and 200 mg per kg MEMCB. All substances were orally administered. Following a period of one hour, all mice were orally administered 2g glucose/kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected 120 minutes after the glucose administration through puncturing heart. Blood glucose levels were measured with a glucometer. The percent lowering of blood glucose levels were calculated according to the formula described below. Percent lowering of blood glucose level = (1 – We/Wc) X 100, where We and Wc represents the blood glucose concentration in glibenclamide or various extracts administered mice (Groups 2-6), and control mice (Group 1), respectively.

Statistical analysis Experimental values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Independent Sample t-test was carried out for statistical comparison. Statistical significance was considered to be indicated by a p value < 0.05 in all cases.

Source of Information: World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 6, Issue 11, 2017.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results suggest that methanolic extract of fruits of Momordica charantia can give antihyperglycemic effects in both boiled and non-boiled form and that methanolic extract of boiled fruits demonstrate better antihyperglycemic activity than non-boiled fruits.

Knowledge Management: Journal