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Phenological Traits of Recalcitrant Seed-earing Trees in Bangladesh

Sumi Akter
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chattogram Chattogram- 4331, Bangladesh

G. N. Tanjina Hasnat
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chattogram Chattogram- 4331, Bangladesh

Mohammed Kamal Hossain
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chattogram Chattogram- 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The functioning and productivity of forest ecosystems vastly dependents on the phenological characteristics of the tree species. The study was carried out from June 2017 to December 2018 to explore the phenological traits of 74 recalcitrant seed bearing tree species of natural forests and plantations in Bangladesh. Data were collected from Chittagong University campus, Hathazari, Boalkhali, Hazarikhil, Dohazari, Rangamati, Kaptai, Ukhiya, Bandarban and Khagrachari through repeated field visits including review of published papers. The results showed that flowering, fruiting and seed maturity periods varied from species to species. The Seventy Four tree species belongs to 55 genera of 31 families. Maximum (39.19%) fruits were under the Berry category and minimum (1.35%) in Samara. The study revealed that flowering of maximum species occurred during March (54.05%) and fruiting in May (54.05%). The peak period for collecting viable recalcitrant seeds was found both in May and June (36.49% respectively). The study will be a ready reference with information on flowering, fruit initiation and seed collection time of 74 recalcitrant seed bearing trees of Bangladesh. The findings of the study may be useful to the nursery owners, foresters, and private plant growers for collection of seeds in right time and establishment of the plantations. This paper may also be a supportive document to the policymakers in taking decision on raising seedlings of recalcitrant seed bearing trees for mass plantations towards the greening program of the country.

Keywords: Flowering, Fruiting and seed maturity, Phenology, Recalcitrant seed, Forest and plantation tree species

Location: Seed Research Laboratory of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-06-2017

End Date: 00-12-2018

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Tree

Objectives:

Therefore, the present study aimed to generate a physical feature and document with general information about the phenological characteristics of recalcitrant seeds of Bangladesh which will help the foresters and other stakeholders about the timing of flowering, fruiting, and seed maturity as well as information to collect desired fruits and seeds in time.

Methodology:

The study was carried out during June 2017 to December 2018 at Seed Research Laboratory of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. In the study, both primary and secondary data were collected. Natural, plantation and homestead forests of Hathazari, Boalkhali, Hazarikhil, Dohazari, Rangamati, Kaptai, Ukhiya, Bandarban, Khagrachari, and Chittagong University campus were visited repeatedly for primary data collection. Recalcitrant fruits and seeds of 74 tree species were collected from fields, and preserved in the Seed Research Laboratory after identification and verification. Flowering, fruiting and seed collection time were recorded for most of the species. However, few data on phenological behaviors were collected from field guides and existing research documents. The data were verified with the existing reports by different researchers (Ahmed et al. 2008;2009, Brandis 1906, Heinig 1925, Hasnat et al. 2014, Hasnat et al. 2018, Hasnat et al. 2019, Hossain et al. 2013, Hossain and Ahmed 2008, Hossain and Hossain 2014, Motaleb and Hossain 2010, Rahman et al. 2017, Uddin and Hassan 2010, Uddin and Hassan 2018) studied on natural, plantation and homestead forests.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Forest Science Vol. 36 (1), 22-32, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Knowledge on phenological behaviors of trees, e.g. flowering, fruiting, and seed collection time is fundamental for any forestry programs. Recalcitrant seeds have short viability ranging from few days to weeks. Lack of proper information about the flowering, fruiting, and seed maturity traits of recalcitrant seed trees may delayed afforestation or reforestation programs and may lead to a failure of plantation establishment. The study elucidated the information on flowering, fruiting and seed collection time of 74 recalcitrant seed tree species from natural and plantation forests of Bangladesh. The information may be useful to government and non-government organizations, policymakers, extension officers, foresters, general nurserymen, and local plantation growers.

Knowledge Management: Journal