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Plant Diversity in Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco-park of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Syedul Alam
Forest Botany Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute P. O. Box 273, Chattogram – 4000, Bangladesh

Mohammed Mohiuddin
Forest Botany Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute P. O. Box 273, Chattogram – 4000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This paper presents the assessment of both the natural and planted species diversity of the Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco-park, Chattogram. A total of 267 plant species from 101 families are recorded in three zones namely disturbed, undisturbed and planted areas. Among them 153 plant species recorded from the natural undisturbed area belonging to trees (45 species), shrubs (44 species), herbs (34 species) and 30 species of climbers. Fifty two species were documented from disturbed and planted areas. Mikania cordata, Chromolaena odorata, Hyptis suaveolens, Mimosa pudica and Ageratum conyzoides are dominant species in the disturbed zone and Ficus hispida are the most dominant tree species in the undisturbed zone. The highest Importance Value Index (IVI) showed 28.08 for Holarrhena antidysenterica and the lowest 1.05 for Mangifera sylvatica in natural patch. Syzygium fruticosum showed the highest IVI of 27.81 and Pinus caribaea showed the lowest (0.93) IVI in plantation site. Most of the species are regenerating from the root suckers. Protection measures shall help the regeneration and conserve the species diversity in this Botanical Garden and Eco-park.

Keywords: Plant diversity, Natural and planted species, Quantitative, Eco-park, Sitakunda.

Location: Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco-park of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Park

Objectives:

In the Sitakunda area 203 plant species under 154 genera and 54 families were reported to naturally growing (Rahman and Udiin 1997). Heinig (1925) recorded 36 tree species under 24 angiosperm families from the Sitakunda area. It reveals the impact of such exotic tree plantations on the native tree population through the conservation of biodiversity and dynamic plant diversity of the Eco-park.

Methodology:

The study was conducted during July’ 2012 to June’ 2014 in different seasons and made about 50 trips through the whole area. Botanical samples and documented qualitative and quantitative data from representative sampling plots were collected. The phytosociological investigation was carried out from the sample plots using stratified random quadrat methods (Mueller- Dombois 1974). The optimum quadrat size was (10 m x 10 m) for tree species. For shrubs, herbs and climbers optimum quadrat size was (5m x 5m). In each quadrat GBH (girth at breast height) ≥ 05 cm of natural and planted tree species were identified, measured and recorded. In the number of shrubs, herbs and climbers were also documented. The naturally growing and plantation tree species were identified consultation with the pertinent literature of viz. Prain (1903), Kanjilal et al. (1934, 1938, 1940), Khan (1972), Heinig (1925) and Ahmed et al. (2008): Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh. The specimen vouchers were verified with the specimens preserved at Bangladesh Forest Research Institute Herbarium (BFRIH) and National Herbarium (NH). All voucher specimens are preserved in the BFRI herbarium.

Data analysis In order to express the dominance and ecological status of species, the Importance Value Index (IVI) was worked out. Other basic parameters like density, relative density, relative frequency, relative abundance were also analyzed following to the methods of Shukla and Chandel (2005), Michael (1990), Kent and Coker (1992), Magurran (1988) and Dallmeier et al. (1992). Tree species were calculated following the methods:

Density = Total no. of individual of the species / Total no. of the quadrat

Relative density = Total no. of individuals of the species / Total no. of individuals of all the species x 100

Frequency = Total no. of quadrats in which the species occurred / Total no. of the quadrat studied

Relative frequency = Frequency of one species / Total frequency x 100

Abundance = Total no. of individuals of a species in all the quadrats / Total no. of quadrats in which the species occurred

Relative abundance = Abundance of the species / Total abundance x 100

IVI = Relative density + Relative frequency + Relative abundance

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Forest Science Vol. 36 (1), 73-82, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco-park is one of the important place for in situ conservation of Bangladesh. The plant diversity of Eco-park has been changed after its establishment on 2001. The present finding indicates that protection help to conserve the species diversity through baseline information of the Eco-park. The study results will also provide an assessment on tree species diversity, density, abundance and composition which will helpful for preparing a sustainable management plan. Habitat is the key indicator for conservation of biodiversity in Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco-park. However excessive exploration of the Eco-park should be controlled. Fire protection is the major threat for Eco-park. The top breaking and hollow trees under Moraceae family will not be removed from the Eco-park which is suitable for biodiversity conservation. Recently gathering and harvesting dry leaves, bamboo branches and wood collection for fuel is one of the major notable threats for the depletion of biodiversity in this Eco-park.

Knowledge Management: Journal