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Growth and Yield of Cowpea as Influenced by Different Phosphorus Levels

F.B. Putul
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

A.R. Khan
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

M.S. Hossain
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

A. Mahmud
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

Q.A. Khaliq
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

T. Ahmed
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was carried out at the research field of the Department of Agronomy of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during December 2016 to April 2017 to investigate the effect of different phosphorus levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P ha^-1) on the growth and yield of four selected cowpea genotypes (BARI Felon-1, A-06008, VI046192, and VI034386). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that, among the genotype, BARI Felon-1 required minimum days to 1^st (96 DAS) and 50% flowering (108 DAS) showing the highest absolute growth rate (0.71 g day^-1), crop growth rate (23.69 g m^-2 day^-1), relative growth rate (0.047 g g^-1 day^-1), net assimilation rate (1.40 g m^-2 day^-1), leaf area index (6.68), SPAD value (51.03), seed length (0.71 cm) and breadth (0.54 cm). But the genotype, A-06008 gave the highest grain yield (0.62 t ha^-1). Application of phosphorus at 90 kg ha^-1 showed the highest leaf area index (6.67), SPAD value (50.98), pod length (14.33 cm), seed length (0.70 cm), seed breadth (0.50 cm), and grain yield (0.34 t ha^-1). In terms of growth and yield, the cowpea genotype A-06008 showed the best performance at the phosphorus level of 90 kg ha^-1.

Keywords: Legume, Triple super phosphate, Absolute growth rate, Quality, Cowpea

Location: Agronomy Research Field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706

Start Date: 00-12-2016

End Date: 00-04-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Cowpea, Fertilizer, Phosphorus, Cowpea

Objectives:

To determine the effects of different levels of P with a genotypic variation on the growth and quality of four selected cowpea genotypes.

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706 from December 2016 to April 2017. The experimental site is located in Madhupur Tract under Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) 28 at a geographic coordinate between 24 09´ N latitude and 90 26´ E longitude with an elevation of 8.4 m from the sea level. The experiment consisted of two factors viz. four cowpea genotypes i.e. BARI Felon-1(G1), A-06008 (G2), VI046192 (G3), and VI034386 (G4), and four levels of phosphorus like P0(no phosphorus i.e. control), P30(30 kg P ha^-1), P60(60 kg P ha^-1) and P90(90 kg P ha^-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The unit plot size was 1.5 m´1.5 m with a planting configuration of 30 cm´10 cm. A fertilizer dose of 30 kg N, 30 kg K, 10 kg S, 2 kg Zn, and 1 kg B ha^-1 (BARC, 2012) was applied as basal during final land preparation in the form of urea, muriate of potash (MoP), sulfur, zinc sulphate, and boric acid, respectively. Different levels of phosphorus were applied as treatment in the soil in the form of triple superphosphate (TSP). All fertilizers were applied during final land preparation. Seeds of similar size were sown after treating with Bavistin @ 2 g kg^-1 of seeds. Light irrigation was provided immediately after sowing to ensure uniform emergence. Plant protection measures were taken and intercultural operations were done whenever necessary. Days to 1^st flower initiation and 50% flowering from each plot were recorded. Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value of leaf was recorded from 3 plants in each plot at 120 DAS using a SPAD meter (model: SPA-502, Minolta Camera Co. Ltd. Japan). For growth estimation, sampling was done at 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 DAS. At maturity, a 1 m² area excluding border was selected to record the agronomic parameters and yield. Ten sample pods and ten sample seeds were used to measure pod length, seed length, and breadth. Grain yield was recorded and adjusted at 12% moisture content.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 25-36

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Growth and quality parameters of four cowpea genotypes in response to four phosphorus fertilizer application levels were evaluated. The growth and quality of cowpea were influenced by different phosphorus levels though genotypic variation was conspicuous. The results revealed that among the four selected cowpea genotypes, the highest absolute growth rate, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area index, greenness duration, and seed length and breadth were obtained from BARI Felon-1, but the genotype A-06008 gave the highest grain yield (0.62t ha^-1). Plants with phosphorus 90 kg ha^-1 gave the highest leaf area index, greenness duration, pod length, seed length, breadth, and grain yield (0.34 t ha^-1). The genotype A-06008 gave the highest grain yield (0.69 t ha^-1) at P 90 kg ha^-1.

Knowledge Management: Journal