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Influence of Planting Method and Nitrogen Dose on Growth and Yield of Quinoa (chenopodium Quinoa Willd.)

P.K. Biswas
Prof.
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

K. Fatema
MS student
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

A. Rahman
Assoc. Prof.
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during Rabi season 2018-19 to find out the influence of planting methods and nitrogen dose on the growth and yield of Quinoa-a highly nutritious superfood newly introduced in Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in a Split-plot design with 3 replications. Two planting methods viz., i) seed sowing (M₁) and ii) seedling planting (M2) in the main plot and eight nitrogen doses viz., i) Control (F₁), ii) 50 kg N ha^-1(F₂), iii) 100 kg N ha^-1 (F₃), iv) 150 kg N ha^-1 (F₄), v) 180 kg N ha^-1 (F₅), vi) 200 kg N ha^-1 (F₆), vii) 220 kg N ha^-1 (F₇) and ix) 250 kg N ha^-1 (F₈) in the sub-plot were assigned. Almost all the studied characters were found statistically significant due to variation in treatments. The higher plant height, leaf number plant^-1, branch number plant^-1, and inflorescence height were observed in seedling transplantation than seeds sowing. Increment of nitrogen doses increased the plant height, leaves number plant^-1, branch number plant^-1, inflorescence height, and SPAD value up to 150-200 kg N ha^-1 and then decreased. Higher doses of nitrogenous fertilizer application increased the grain weight. Planting seedlings with 150 kg N ha^-1 showed the highest seed yield (1227.43 kg ha^-1) which was similar to 180 kg N ha^-1. Cultivation of quinoa with 25 days old seedlings and 150 kg N ha^-1 gave 206.77% higher yield compared to that of control and it was 64.71% higher in the case of seeds sowing with similar nitrogen dose.

Keywords: Growth, Yield, Seedling, Nitrogen, Quinoa

Location: Agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-11-2018

End Date: 00-04-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Nitrogen, Nitrogen

Objectives:

To find out the maximum yield potentiality of quinoa.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2018 to April 2019. The farm belongs to the general soil type, Shallow Red Brown Terrace Soils under Tejgaon Series of AEZ-28. The seeds of „SAU Quinoa-1? were used. The land was finally leveled with leveler to ensure uniform application of water. Urea for nitrogen as per treatment along with TSP and MoP @ 100 kg P & 80 kg K ha^-1, respectively were used. The whole amount of all fertilizers along with one-third of urea was applied as a basal dose and the remaining urea was top-dressed in two equal installments at 30 and 45 days after sowing. The seeds were sown on 20 November 2018 in the main field as well as in the surrounding nursery bed from where 25 days old seedlings were uprooted and planted in respective plots maintaining 30 cm x 10 cm spacing. The experiment was laid out in a Split-plot design with three replications. There were two planting methods viz., i) seed sowing (M₁) and ii) seedling planting (M₂) assigned in the main plot and eight nitrogen dose viz., i) control (F₁), ii) 50 kg N ha^-1 (F₂), iii) 100 kg N ha^-1 (F₃), iv) 150 kg N ha^-1 (F₄), v) 180 kg N ha^-1 (F₅), vi) 200 kg N ha^-1 (F₆), vii) 220 kg N ha^-1 (F₇) and ix) 250 kg N ha^-1 (F₈) in the sub-plot. The gap-filling, weeding, and other intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. No severe insects and disease infestations were observed during experimentation. The seeds sowing plots were harvested on 10 February 2019 and seedlings transplanting on 20 February 2019. Ten plants per plot were randomly selected for collecting yield contributing and other relevant data like plant height, leaves number plant^-1, branch number plant^-1, inflorescence height, SPAD value, 1000- grain weight, and grain yield. The harvested plants were sundried and threshed from where collected seeds were dried to a constant temperature and weighed. Statistical analyses were done by using the Crop Stat computer package and the mean differences among the treatments were compared by the least significant difference test (LSD) at a 5 % level of significance following Gomez and Gomez (1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 83-92

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The planting method had a significant effect on plant height at earlier stages, branches number plant^-1, and inflorescence height where the seedling planting method showed superior performance but the other studied parameters resulted in non-significant variations. The nitrogen dose significantly influenced all the studied parameters where no nitrogen (control), as well as higher nitrogen dose, negatively influenced yield and other characters. Higher yield (1170.64 kg ha^-1) was obtained in F₄ (150 kg N^-1) that similar (1097.77 kg ha^-1) to F₅ (180 kg N^-1). The highest grain yield (1227.43 kg ha^-1) was observed in M₂F₄ that similar to M₂F₅ (1134.65 kg ha^-1) and M₁F₄ (1113.85 kg ha^-1) and the lowest grain yield was observed in M₂F₁ (400.13 kg ha^-1). Based on the results of the study, it may be concluded that Quinoa can also be grown in Bangladesh by 25 days old seedlings with 150 to 180 kg N ha^-1. However, to reach a specific conclusion and recommendation more experiments are suggested with different levels of other fertilizers and in different Agro-ecological zones.

Knowledge Management: Journal