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Industrialization Scenario at Sreepur of Gazipur, Bangladesh and Physico-chemical Properties of Wastewater Discharged from Industries

Md. Billal Hossain*
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Md. Nurul Islam
Department of Geography and Environment, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mohammad Shamsul Alam
Department of Geography and Environment, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Zakir Hossen
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh -2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

6

This study was conducted to explore the present trend and pattern of industrial growth with spatial distribution of industries and seasonal extent of physicochemical characteristics of wastewater at Sreepur ofGazipur, Bangladesh.The wastewater samples were collected from 5 locations in three seasons viz. pre-monsoon, monsoon and dry season. A total of 120 medium to large industries were surveyed, among those 52 were in red category, 53 were in orange-B category, 13 were in orange-A and only 2 were in green category. In 1995, there were only three industries, which gradually increased to a total of 29 in 2005. Among them, 11 were in red category and 18 were in orange-B category. But from 2006-2010, a total 59 industries were developed and most of them were in red and orange-B categories. Similarly, during the period of 2011 to March 2013, a total 16 industries were developed, among them 8 industries were in red and 3 were in orange-B category. Major types of wastewater discharging industries were textile, dyeing, washing and printing. Among the surveyed industries about 33% didn’t have any effluent treatment plant (ETP).The mean value of pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD and TDS of wastewater were 7.28, 2.64, 1.62 mg L-1, 82.0 mg L-1, 217.31 mg L-1and 1380 mg L-1, respectively during pre-monsoon; 6.7, 1.15, trace, 8.0 mg L-1, 152.4 mg L-1and 539.58 mg L-1, respectively during monsoon and 7.7, 1.82, 0.74 mg L-1, 48.8 mg L-1, 204.8 mg L-1and 993.6 mg L-1, respectively during dry season. Average DO concentrations in all seasons and sites were significantly low, while BOD and COD contents were higher in pre-monsoon and dry seasons than the DoE permissible limit. The study concluded that the area is now a hub of polluting industries which are mostly liable to pollute the surrounding environment.

Keywords: Industrialization; Spatial distribution; Wastewater; Sreepur; Gazipur.

Location: Sreepur of Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Waste water

Objectives:

Some of the researches are done sporadically along with areas of other Upazila’s of same district, without providing inclusive result especially for this area [10]. Therefore, detailed systematic field researches on industrialization scenario and their consequences on water pollution were inadequate or missing. Considering the fact stated above, this work was conducted to assess industrialization scenario, their categorization as environmental pollution sources and physico-chemical properties of wastewater discharged from different industries of Sreepur Upazila of Gazipur district.

Methodology:

2.1 Description of the Study AreaAccording to physiographic features Sreepur is an area which evolved during Pleistocene period having area of 465.25km².The Upazila is located at the north-eastern part of Gazipur district, which lies between 24°01′ to 24°20′ N latitude and 90°18′ to 90°33′ E longitude. Geologically, the Gazipur cluster lies on the southern corner of Madhupur tract with its average thickness of about 10 m, which consists of over consolidated clayey silt and is underlain by the Pleistocene Dupi Tila formation. The rocks encountered here are much younger in geologic age and ranges between Oligocene and Recent time. The basin has got the record of rapid subsidence and sedimentation. Jamindari system was there like other parts of the then Bengal. “Bhawal Raja" estate was there for long time. By virtue of this, Jamindari system a number of people of this place historically owned handsome amount of land.

2.2 Data Collection about the IndustriesData of the industries in the study area were collected on the basis of the following pre-structured format, viz. serial no., name of the industry, type of industry, category on the basis of ECR, installation of ETP (yes/no), location, GPS point, establishment year and area covered. In case of any query or clarification, industry personnel were asked to reply and sometimes it was discussed also with people living nearby industry. Some of the information was collected on the basis of oral statements and some of the data was collected black and white provided by the industry personnel.

2.3 Water Sampling and processing total of 5 wastewater samples were collected from the study area during three seasons viz. pre-monsoon, monsoon and dry from different points of the canal following the sampling techniques as outlined by APHA [14]. The collected water samples were stored in 500 mL preconditioned clean, high density plastic bottles and use for the analysis of physicochemical parameters. During collection of water samples, bottles were well rinsed using the same water. All the water samples were filtered through Whatman No.1 filter paper to remove unwanted solids and suspended material. After filtration, 3-4 drops of nitric acid were added to the samples to avoid any fungal and other microbial growth. In the laboratory, the samples were kept in a clean, cool and dry place.

2.4 Analytical MethodsThe collected wastewater samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters, which inclued: pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured within a few hours by using a pH meter (Jenway 3505, UK) and a conductivity meter (SensIONTM+EC5, HACH, USA), respectively. Dissolve oxygen (DO) was determined by Azide modification method, where 2 ml of MnSO4, 2 ml alkali iodide azideand 2 ml of conc. H2SO4 were added as outlined by APHA. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was also determined by Azide modification method, where the samples were kept in a BOD incubator at 20°C for 5 days. The differences between 5 days DO and initial DO was treated as BOD of the water sample. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was measured by close reflux method using COD vials and measured the concentration by means of a photometer as outlined by APHA.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology9(4): 1-14, 2019; Article no.AJEE.50399ISSN: 2456-690X

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/AJEE/2019/v9i430103

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study has explored trend and pattern of industrial growth with spatial distribution of industries and seasonal variations in physicochemical properties of wastewater. A totalof120 medium to large industries was surveyed in the study area of which 52 were in red category and 53 were in orange-B category and 13 were in the orange-A and only 2 were in green category. The study revealed that these industries discharge their wastewater into the nearby canal through the pipeline or drain. Number of industries massively increased in the study area during the period 2006-2010 and most of them were in red and orange-B categories. Although installations of effluent treatment plants (ETP) has been made mandatory in liquid waste generating industries by the Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh, about 33% of the industries were found to be without ETP. The pH of wastewater collected from the study area was slightly alkaline in pre-monsoon and dry season and near-neutral during monsoon season. Average EC values were much higher than DoE standard in the pre-monsoon and dry season. TDS value was higher in pre-monsoon and dry season, but comparatively lower in monsoon season although the values were within the permissible limit of DoE standard. DO level in wastewater in all seasons was much lower than the DoE standard. BOD and COD values were comparatively higher in the pre-monsoon and dry season, and in both seasons average values were much higher than the DoE standard of Bangladesh. Finally, the study results inferred that the area is now a hub of polluting industries which are mostly liable to pollute the surrounding environment. Therefore, to overcome the present situation integrated action plan is necessary. Enforcement and monitoring from the government side alone will not give a concrete solution although the political commitment of the ruling government is very important. Thus, action together by the government agencies, non-government organizations and community people will give a fruitful result to make the situation tolerable.

Knowledge Management: Journal