Mohammad Abdul Aziz
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
M.A. Rahman
Bangladesh Power Development Board, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Halim Molla
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
Design and fabrication, Fixed bed, Pyrolysis, Scrap tire
Resource Development and Management
2.1. Feedstocks: The bus tire used as a feed material for this experiment were collected from at Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The used tire normally contain elastomer, carbon black, steel, zinc oxide, and sulphur. Thus maintaining the uniform characteristics, tire were chopped into four different sizes (10 cm3,15cm3,20cm3and 25 cm3) from the lot. This sample represents the characteristics of whole tire.
2.2. Plant design: The reactor (height: 990 mm, diameter: 480 mm) constructed in this experiment was made of stainless steel having a feeder header(height: 80 mm, diameter: 120 mm) at the top and an exit (diameter:200 mm) for char removal at bottom of the reactor. Then the reactor was placed on the hole of the concrete slab. For providing uniform and faster heating, two halves of hexagonal stainless steel pipe (diameter: 19 mm, total length: 2740 mm) were installed inside the reactor in u-shape (bending radius: 76 mm). The heat is supplied to the reactor by a fuel burner. It has two openings for providing solid fuel into the furnace. There was another exit port at the top of the reactor which was connected to the two vertical condensers (length:1520 mm, diameter: 170 mm) as well as an oil reservoir (length:470 mm, diameter: 360 mm). Two condensers were designed for capturing higher quantity of pyrolytic oil from condensable gas. The cooling was done bypassing the cold water through the condenser. When the temperature of the reactor reaches at required level, product volatile expands and raises its pressure, which leads the volatile comes out fast from the reactor through the condenser. A fraction column (height: 1830 mm, diameter: 160 mm) was installed between reactor and condenser for the separation of heavy components from the light fraction of condensable gas under the action of gravity. The heavy fraction usually blocks the connecting pipe(channels) and accumulates inside the reservoir. There was flanges at the bottom for cleanup heavy oil fraction from the fraction column.
2.3. Experimental procedure: The visible foreign material adhered on the surface of the scrap tire was firstly cleaned by water and then desiccate. The oxygen free atmosphere was created within the reactor by compressed nitrogen gas. The scrap tires were carried into the dryer for initial warm up condition by chimney flue gas. Finally, the scrap tires (20 kg) were fed into the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor. The temperature of the reactor was varied 300-500C. The reactor was heated at an increasing rate up to first 100 min 300C(±20C), next 50 min for400C(±20C) and next 30 min for 500C(±20C). When the temperature inside the reactor was reached a pyrolytic temperature, the gaseous product was passed through the condenser where the inlet temperature of cooling water was 22-26C and outlet temperature was found to be 35-40C. Finally, the reactor was kept for natural cool down after completing the pyrolysis of the feed materials. Then the char was pushed out from the reactor, liquid was collected from the reservoir and weighted. The product yields(oil, char, and gas) were determined.
2.4. Feedstocks, pyro oil and char characterization: The differential thermogravimetric (DTG) behavior of scrap tire was done over the temperature range of 650C using a Pyris Diamond DTG analyzer (Perkin Elmer). The samples (15e20 mg)were heated at two different constant heating rate of 10 and 60C/min while maintaining a constant nitrogen flow rate of 100 mL per minute. The ultimate analysis was carried out using an EA 1108elemental analyzer. The oxygen have been determined by difference knowing the weight percentage of C, H, N and S. The proximate analysis of the feedstocks and products was carried out according to ASTM standards.
Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 11 (2018) 311e316312
Journal