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Physicochemical Parameters Influence the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Catfish Assemblages in Kushiyara River, Bangladesh

MD. ARIFUR RAHMAN
Department of Fish Biology & Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh and Department of Fisheries Biology & Genetics, Patuakhali Science & Technology University, Patuakhali

MOHAMMED MAHBUB IQBAL
Corresponding Author:
Department of Fish Biology & Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

MD. ARIFUL ISLAM
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat, Bangladesh

SHYAML KANTI BARMAN
Sustainable Development Associates (SDA), Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh

SOHEL MIAN
Department of Fish Biology & Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

SIMON KUMAR DAS
Department of Marine Science, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

MOHAMMAD MOSAROF HOSSAIN
Department of Coastal & Marine Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A year-long study was carried out to assess the influences of Physico-chemical parameters on the temporal and spatial dispersal and biodiversity status of catfishes in the Kushiyara River, Bangladesh. Five fishing boats equipped with various fishing gears namely seine net, gill net, lift net, and cast net were used fortnightly to harvest fish. Water quality parameters were assessed on spot. Twenty catfish species belonging to 8 families were identified from Kushiyara River. Shannon-Weaver diversity index, Margalef species richness, and Simpson dominance index significantly varied between seasons (p<0.05), where in the summer season the indices values were low. Total dissolve solids (TDS) and transparency were identified as two most striking factors shaping the catfish assemblage structure. Canonical correspondence analysis ordination plot revealed that Clupisoma garua, Ompok bimaculatus and Ailia coila had the highest level of TDS preference than the other parameters. In similarity percentage at 85.65%, three groups were attained while summer season showed separate clustering from other groups. The Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling showed similarity at 60% in all seasons based on Bray- Curtis similarity matrix, and summer was found to form a distinct group. Findings of the present study are expected to be helpful for the respective researchers, policymakers and conservationists as baseline information for the sustainable management of this water body.

Keywords: Catfish, Diversity index, Fish assemblage, Kushiyara River

Location: Manu River, Maulvibazar, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Cat fish, Fish farming

Objectives:

To assess the influences of the water quality parameters on the temporal (seasonal) and spatial dispersal and biodiversity status of catfishes in the Kushiyara River.

Methodology:

Study area: The research was accomplished in the Kushiyara River, the meeting point of Manu River, Maulvibazar, Sylhet, Bangladesh lying between the latitude of 24.5833° E, Longitude of 91.7333° N. Samplings were done within 1km in both East and West direction of Kushiyara River. Sampling On-spot assessment of water quality parameters were executed (8.00 AM to 12.00 PM of the day) fortnightly in a depth of 0.5 meter (m). Monitoring of environmental and water quality parameters were observed and recorded following standard procedures and methods (Rice et al. 2012). The water temperature (°C) were measured by using a standard mercury thermometer, water pH by digital Pen pH meter (s327535, HANNA, USA), transparency (cm) by Secchi disc, TDS (mg/L) by TDS meter (HI96302, HANNA, USA), while DO (mg/L), CO₂ (mg/L), NH₃ (mg/L), NH₄ + (mg/L), NO₂ (mg/L), NO₃ (mg/L), total hardness and chloride were measured by titration methods using HACH Test Kit (Model FF-2, USA). The data of air temperature and rainfall (mm) were collected from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Sylhet. In the meantime the catfishes were harvested covering four different seasons i.e. winter (December-February), summer (March-June), monsoon (July-September) and post-monsoon (October-November). Fishes were caught with the direct help from local fishermen. Five fishing boats equipped with various fishing gears namely seine net, gill net, lift net, and cast net were used to catch fish from five specific points in junction of the Kushiyara and Manu River. Samples were preserved in different iced plastic bags and jars carefully. Each individual fish species of all life stages were counted except those having a length below 5 cm. Photographs were taken immediately and the identifications were done by secondary document consultation and according to Rahman (Rahman 2005). Statistical analysis For the environmental variables and water quality parameters, one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan multiple range test and Tukey test were carried out by PAST to detect the significant difference among the different seasons at 5% level of significance. In the present study, diversity of catfish species was evaluated by dint of Shannon-Weaver index (H′) (Shannon and Weaver 1949), species richness by Margalef index (d) (Margalef 1968), Evenness by Pielou’s index (J′) (Pielou 1966), and dominance by Simpson index (c) (Simpson 1949). One-way ANOVA test was performed to analyze the diversity index values among seasons. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to investigate the relationship between species assemblage composition and environmental variables. PAST version 2.16 was used to perform ANOVA and CCA. Multivariate analyses were performed through the software PRIMER V6 (Clarke and Warwick 2001). Similarity percentages analyses (Clarke and Warwick 1994) were used to observe the percentage contribution of each taxon to the average dissimilarity among the various seasons.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. (2018) 30(1) : 61-72

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The recorded physico-chemical parameters in Kushiyara River illustrating distinct seasonal variations are listed. The concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) varied between 93.67 mg/L (winter) and 131.30 mg/L (monsoon) along with a relatively high concentration of chloride (54.13 mg/L) in winter and low (23.13 mg/L) in the monsoon. Lowest nitrite and nitrate concentrations were recorded in the monsoon, whereas the highest was in winter. Total dissolve solids (TDS) and transparency were identified as two most striking factors shaping the catfish assemblage structure. Canonical correspondence analysis ordination plot revealed that Clupisoma garua, Ompok bimaculatus and Ailia coila had the highest level of TDS preference than the other parameters. In similarity percentage at 85.65%, three groups were attained while summer season showed separate clustering from other groups. The Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling showed similarity at 60% in all seasons based on Bray- Curtis similarity matrix, and summer was found to form a distinct group. Findings of the present study are expected to be helpful for the respective researchers, policymakers and conservationists as baseline information for the sustainable management of this water body.

Knowledge Management: Journal