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Factor Analysis of Climate-smart Practices Used for Boro Rice Cultivation in Sylhet District of Bangladesh

G. Paul
Climate-Smart Agriculture Lab, Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

M.S.A. Talucder
Climate-Smart Agriculture Lab, Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh; Interdisciplinary Research for Future Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

M. S. Uddin
Climate-Smart Agriculture Lab, Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

T. Afroz
Climate-Smart Agriculture Lab, Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

R. Afrin
Climate-Smart Agriculture Lab, Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Boro rice is the leading crop in the Sylhet region which has raised serious concerns due to its role in CH4 and N₂O emission. Adoption of climate-smart practices (CSP) is crucial which increases productivity, reduces CH4 and N₂O emission and increases system robustness to shocks. Factor analysis was done to document the status of CSP that was practiced by Boro rice farmers in Sylhet Sadar Upazila of Bangladesh. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews from 102 randomly selected farmers from five unions of Sylhet Sadar Upazila i.e., Hatkhola, Mogalgaon, Kandigaon, Tucker Bazar and Khadim Para during January to March 2018. Focus group discussions were done to validate the collected information. Most of the farmers were young having more than 20 years of farming experience but mostly were illiterate and had a primary level of education. The farmers of the study area were aware of climate change, they observed the impact of climate change on rice farming and they want to adapt to this changing climate. Thirteen CSP were adopted by the farmers in the study area out of nineteen CSP. Thus, by using factor analysis on these thirteen existing CSP, three factors named GHG mitigation and system resilience, sustainably increasing productivity, and nutrient management factor were extracted based on both index of eigenvalues and the percentage of variance. These three factors can explain 69.037% of the total variance from which 30.494% of the total variance is explained by GHG mitigation and system resilience factor. Among these factors, high yielding rice varieties (HYV), perching, adjusting planting time, and alternative wetting and drying (AWD) were mostly being practiced by the farmers compared to other CSP in the study area. It implies that promoting CSP is necessary for sustainable boro rice production in the spell of SDGs.

Keywords: Climate-smart practices, Factor analysis, Boro rice, Sylhet

Location: Sylhet Sadar Upazila

Start Date: 00-01-2018

End Date: 00-03-2018

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Adoption and mitigation technology, Boro rice

Objectives:

To analysis the mostly practiced CSP during boro rice cultivation in Sylhet Sadar Upazila by using the factor analysis approach.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at Sylhet Sadar Upazila of Sylhet District. Among the eight unions in Sylhet Sadar Upazila, five unions, namely Hatkhola, Mogalgaon, Kandigaon, Tucker Bazar, Khadim para union were selected. Data for this study were collected by using a simple random sampling method through face-to-face interviews from January to March 2018. A pre-test survey was undertaken before the actual collection of data. Randomly selected 102 farmers of these five unions were asked about their socioeconomic characteristics (age, education, family size, farm size, area under boro cultivation, rice farming experience, labor availability, soil type, irrigation sources), perceptions on experiencing climate change, the impact of climate change on boro rice cropping and existing climate-smart practices (CSP). Respondents were also asked regarding nineteen CSP practices in their boro rice cultivation. CSP practices are alternate wetting and drying (AWD), crop rotation, fallowing, light trap, perching, rice-cum-duck farming, rice- cum-fish farming, high yielding varieties, adjusting planting time, ratoon crop, leaf color chart, green manuring, use of urea super granule (USG), vermicomposting, application of biochar, solar irrigation, water-saving laser land leveling, Madagascar method and direct-seeded (e.g. Onyeneke et al. 2018; Hasan et al. 2018; Afrin et al. 2017). Respondents were asked to indicate their extent of above eighteen CSP practices with a three-point scale: regularly, sometimes, occasionally, and not at all. Collected data were analyzed in accordance with the objectives of the study. Various statistical measures such as frequency counts, percentage distribution, average, standard deviation, and mean were used for describing data. Factor analysis (Olkin and Sampson, 2001) was used to know the status of which CSP was mostly practiced by farmers in boro rice farming in the study area.

Source of Information: J. Innov. Dev. Strategy 12(1):82-88 (December 2018)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the study area, thirteen climate-smart practices (CSP) were practiced. By using factor analysis, three factors such as GHG mitigation & system resilience, sustainably increasing productivity, and nutrient management factors were extracted based on both eigenvalues and the percentage of variance approach. These three factors explained 69.037% of the total variance. Among the factors, 30.494% of the total variance is explained by GHG mitigation & system resilience factor. Compared to different practices, perching, high yielding varieties, adjusting planting time, and AWD practices were being mostly practiced by the farmers in the study area. These practices have become very popular to the farmers as it increases the productivity, reduces the emission of CH₄ and N₂O and increasing system resilience as they were aware regarding climate change. Policies should be taken to promote CSP through research and extension.

Knowledge Management: Journal