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Vegetable Grafting: a Century-old Technique to Improve Organic Production

A. K. M. Aminul Islam
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

A. K. M. Mominul Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Farzana Mustafa Era
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Islam Hamim
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To increase the yield and quality of fruit vegetables under high pressure of soil-borne pathogens, nematode, and unfavorable environments introducing vegetable grafting in agriculture are crucial. It also helps to reduce disease susceptibility and to increase tolerance against abiotic stresses. Grafting in vegetables is a centuries-old practice to improve yield through organic culture. It was introduced in the USA and becoming more common in the organic farming of vegetables. Vegetable grafting is a popular practice in many European and North American countries, Japan, Korea, and China. Vegetable crops are exposed to many abiotic and biotic stress factors, including salinity, heat, heavy metals, excess trace elements, diseases, and pests, which have a significant effect on crop growth and productivity. Grafting is effective practice in solanaceous and cucurbitaceous vegetables to control soil-borne diseases including; Verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt, and bacterial wilt, and nematodes without using pesticides. Limitations: Despite its numerous benefits, there are several difficulties associated with grafting which include added cost, graft mismatch, physiological complaints, and reductions in flower formation, quality, and yield of fruit. Appropriate selection of scion and rootstock, scion–rootstock communication, and the reciprocal effect of the shoot and root system should be considered to get maximum benefits from this novel technique. New research should be conducted to evaluate and test diverse germplasm as a source of the viable rootstock, develop of grafting tools ideal for the stable, year-round, and cost-effective yield

Keywords: Crop protection, Grafting, Organic farming, Sustainable agriculture, Vegetables

Location: Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Vegetables

Objectives:

To increase the yield and quality of fruit vegetables under high pressure of soil-borne pathogens, nematode, and unfavorable environments introducing vegetable grafting in agriculture is crucial.

Methodology:

In several countries, cleft grafting had been used in cucurbits for a while, but the use is usually confined to solanaceous crops like tomato, brinjals these days. The seeds for the rootstock are sown 5-7 days earlier than the scion. The seedlings are selected for rootstock at the 4-5 leaf stage with a 1- to 4-inch diameter and are cut at right angles of 2 to 3-inch-deep, having 2-3 leaves remaining on the stem. The scion must comprise 2 to 3 buds and have a diameter of one-quarter inch. The scion having two angled cuts on either side of its bottom end fits inside the vertical cut on the rootstock. Grafting wax or clip is used over the rootstock's top to seal the cuts and stabilize the graft. Cleft grafting is an easy and simple technique and is appropriate for rootstocks with wide hypocotyls. Tongue approach/Approach grafting This method is most widely used by farmers and small nurseries but is usually favored by less experienced farmers and those who do not have a greenhouse with a good microclimate control system. Though this method requires more space and labor than other methods, it can be attained even by beginners due to the high seedling survival rate. It is commonly used on members of the cucurbitaceous vegetables but not suitable for rootstocks with hollow hypocotyls. The rootstock and scion need to be grown at least three days interval to gain the same size of a diameter that should be optimally less than 1 inch. The shoot apex of the rootstock is removed so that the shoot growth can be stopped. The hypocotyl of the scion and rootstock are cut so that each piece is cut at a matching 45-degree angle. A second, vertical cut creates notches or tabs, so that the scion fits against the rootstock by interlocking together. The hypocotyl of the scion is left to heal for 3-4 days which results in the scion off of its roots and then partially cut below the graft. Finally, wrapping the graft with grafting tape holds the pieces in place while they grow together.

Source of Information: JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND POSTHARVEST RESEARCH- 2021, VOL. 4(3), 303-322

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.22077/jhpr.2021.3804.1176

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

By 2050, agricultural productivity needs to be increased by 60% to manage food for the estimated world population of 10-11 billion. It can be accomplished by the sustainable use of natural resources. But vegetable production is increasingly affected by abiotic (salinity, drought, heat, waterlogging, heavy metal concentration) and biotic (soil-borne diseases and nematodes) stress. Future research should contribute towards improving grafting technologies and nursery management practices to ensure high-quality grafted transplants for growers of organic farms. Like many other applications in advancing sustainable crop production, grafting can be used as a tool in both breeding and research.

Knowledge Management: Journal