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Performance of Selected Phytochemicals and Botanical Nutrient on Physiological Features of Okra Varieties Against Yellow Vein Clearing Mosaic Virus

Md. Kazi Abu Sayed
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Md. Belal Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Saleh Ahmed Shahriar
Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A two-factorial field experiment on okra was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from April to August 2017. The study aimed to find out the physiological responses of okra varieties against Yellow vein clearing mosaic virus under a management progamme to control the disease. Four okra varieties viz. BARI dherosh-1, Green finger, Nuffield, and Orca onamika were selected as the first factor and two phytochemicals (Imidacloprid and Sobicron) and one botanical nutrient namely Peak performance nutrients (PPN) were used as the second factor. The plants were grown and natural inoculum has relied upon the infection of Yellow vein clearing mosaic virus. Physiological features of okra plants were significantly affected by the Yellow vein clearing mosaic virus. So that, regular physiological activities of okra varieties were hampered due to the invasion of the virus. The highest exclusive chlorophyll content, net assimilation rate, intercellular carbon-di-oxide concentration, stomatal conductivity, and respiration rate were recorded in Green finger and the lowest in Orca onamika. Sobicron with PPN also gave the highest net chlorophyll content, net assimilation rate, intercellular carbon-di-oxide concentration, stomatal conductivity, and respiration rate and the lowest was recorded when no phytochemicals and PPN combination was used. Green finger with the application of Sobicron with PPN showed the best performance of these physiological responses compared to other okra varieties and phytochemicals combinations. All of these physiological changes are closely related to reduced rates of photosynthesis as well as effects on chloroplast number, ultrastructure and chlorophyll metabolism, deterioration of chloroplast structure, pigment composition, and electron transport. So that, less energy is produced thus resulting in the suppression of proper physiological functions of okra plants.

Keywords: Okra; Yellow vein clearing mosaic virus; Phytochemicals; Peak performance nutrients; Physiological features.

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydevpur, Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-04-2017

End Date: 00-08-2017

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Virus, Okra

Objectives:

To determine the changes in physiological features and cellular components due to infection of Yellow vein clearing mosaic virus in okra and to evaluate the performance of phytochemicals and PPN on physiological features and cellular components of okra.

Methodology:

Four okra varieties namely BARI dherosh-1, Green finger, Nuffield, and Orca onamika were used in the experiment. BARI dherosh-1 was collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydevpur, Gazipur and other three varieties were collected from the local market. The selected phytochemicals namely Imidacloprid and Sobicron were collected from the local market and PPN was collected from China through representative country dealers. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications where blocks were representing the replication. Each block comprised 18 unit plots and the total number of plots was 72 (18 X 4=72). The size of each unit plot was 5 m². The distance between the plot to the plot was 0.70 m and block to block was 1 m. Preparation of land was done as per treatment. After the establishment of seedlings, various intercultural operations were accomplished for better growth and development of the okra plants. Proper intercultural operation facilities e.g. thinning and gap filling, weeding and mulching, irrigation, and drainage were provided at the right time. Cow dung, TSP, MP, and Urea were applied at the rate of 14 ton/ha, 150 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha respectively. The entire amount of cow dung, TSP, and MP @ 100 kg/ha were applied at the time of final land preparation. The remaining TSP and MP were applied after 30 days of sowing seed. Urea was applied in three equal installments at 30, 45, and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The virus produces typical vein yellowing and thickening of leaves forming a network of veins and veinlets in the infected leaves. Initially, the leaves exhibit only yellow-colored veins but under the severe infection, the leaves become completely chlorotic and turn yellow. There is a reduction of leaf chlorophyll and the infected plants give a stunted look and produce small-sized pale yellow fruits. If plants are infected within 20 days after germination, their growth is retarded; few leaves and fruits are formed and loss maybe about 90%. The extent of damage declines with delay in infection of the plants. The average chlorophyll content in the leaves of the selected plants was recorded with the help of the “Spad” meter, which is an advanced technology to directly measure the chlorophyll content in plant leaf at 40, 60, and 80 days after sowing (DAS). In each reading of a single leaf was recorded by the machine three times at three locations of the same leaf then the machine automatically gave the average data and value. But the average net assimilation rate, intercellular carbon-di-oxide concentration, respiration rate, and stomatal conductivity per plant were recorded from the selected plants by using the “LC-Pro+” machine at 40, 60, and 80 days after sowing (DAS). The number of plants and number of infected plants from each plot at 40, 60, and 80 days after sowing (DAS) were recorded. The data were analyzed statistically by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and MSTAT-C software for proper interpretation. The mean value was compared according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 1% level of significance. A correlation and regression study was also done to check the relationship among the varieties, phytochemicals, and PPN, physiological features, and yield. Tables and bar graphs were used to interpret the data when required.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research - 1(3): 1-8, 2018

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/AJAHR/2018/41527

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Yield and yield contributing characters and physiological features of okra plants are changed due to the infection of Yellow vein clearing mosaic virus which causes severe damages to okra production and reduces the market value. The development of host resistance is one of the important strategies against the virus, which is the most economical and environmentally friendly process for reducing the yield potential of okra. But due to the sterility problem of the virus, it is not easy to transfer the resistant gene directly among the cultivated okra varieties. Restoration of fertility through colchicine treatment in the crosses between resistant wild and susceptible species could be a suitable technique. Pathologists and breeders are advised to work more on an evaluation of resistant varieties using advanced molecular tools. The growers also should take preventive as well as curative control measures to reduce the yield losses.

Knowledge Management: Journal