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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation of Plumbago Indica L

Zarrin Tasnim Rafa
Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.

Md. Ashrafudoulla*
Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.

Farhan Fuad
Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.

Rafiqul Islam
Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.

Mehedee Hasan
Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.

Md. Abdullah Hil Kafi
Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.

Md. Siddiqul Islam
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka

Salma Parvin
Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted with the leaves of plant Plumbago indica L. (Family: Plumbaginaceae) to investigate the pharmacognostical standards and the biological activities especially the possible cytotoxic effects. The powder from the leaves of Plumbago indica L was soaked with methanol and kept for 15 days. After then it was filtered and kept in open air for evaporation. After evaporation the concentrated methanol extract was then stored for further uses. Testing of different chemical groups present in extract represents the preliminary pharmacognostical studies. The chemical group tests are performed by 10% (w/v) solution of the extract of Plumbago indica L. In methanol. Reducing sugar, alkaloids, flavonoids, gum and steroids are found. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 and LC90 value were found to be 4.57µg/ml and 9.87µg/ml for crude methanolic extract of Plumbago indica L. Based on these results we can say that this plant may have uses for traditional medicine. This is only a preliminary study and to make final comment, the drug should thoroughly investigated phytochemically and pharmacologically to explore their medicinal and pharmaceutical potentialities.

Keywords: Phytochemical, Pharmacological, Plumbago indica L., Brine shrimp, Lethality bioassay.

Location: Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

The principle aim of the present study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional uses of the plant Plumbago indica L., in the same time find the chemical groups present in the active plant parts to get a preliminary idea about the active constituent and also to know whether it possesses any cytotoxic activity.

Methodology:

Collection of Plant material The plants selected for this present research Plumbago indica L. (Family: Plumbaginaceae) and collected from Naramuk, Rajasthali of Rangamati district. After collection, suitable herbarium sheets were prepared for each plant which contain all basic information of that plant and were send to Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Baluchara, Chittagong. After identify, the provided us the scientific name of the plant.

Extraction At first the collected plants particularly the leaves and stems were separated from unwanted materials of plants or any of their parts. Then the plants were shed dried at 35-40ºc.The fully dried plants were ground into a coarse powder by using a suitable grinder. The course powder was carefully stored in an airtight container which is made by inert compound as though it does not react with powder and it kept in a dry, cool, and dark place until extraction commenced. About 185gm of powder material of Plumbago indica L. (Family: Plumbaginaceae) was taken in a clean, dry and flat bottomed glass container and dissolved it with 1700 ml of methanol. The container with its contents was labeled and kept for 10 days with episodic shaking and stirring. After 7 days the whole mixture then filtered by a piece of clean, dry, dustless, white cotton material. Then these coarse mixtures further filtered through Whatman filter paper and the solvent was give up to evaporate at the room temperature. The remaining extract was collected and the residues were preserved in a refrigerator for further studies.

Pharmacognostic Study Plumbago indica L. (Family: Plumbaginaceae) was subjected to pharmacognostic study. Various methods are used in this study including organoleptic study and preliminary phytochemical studies. Organoleptic study The coarse powder of Plumbago indica L. was used for studies. Chemical group tests of Plumbago indica L. About 20 gm of the coarse powder of Plumbago indica. L. (Family: Plumbaginaceae) was weighed accurately and dissolved with 250 ml of fresh, hot water. After 1hour it was filtered and the supernatant was used as the extract. For detecting of different plant constituents these whole extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical tests.

Tests for reducing sugar A. Fehling’s Test 2ml of an aqueous extract of the plant Plumbago indica. L. (Family: Plumbaginaceae) was added in 1ml of a mixture of equal volumes of Fehling’s solutions A and B. The mixed well and oiled for few minutes. A brick red or red colour precipitate was formed with the reducing sugar. B. Benedict’s Test In a test tube 0.5 ml of aqueous extract of the plant material with 5 ml of Benedict’s solution was taken. They mixed well and boiled for 5 minutes and kept it to cool spontaneously. A red colour precipitate of cuprous oxide was formed with the reducing sugar. Tests for Alkaloids A. Mayer’s Test 2ml solution of the extract taken in a test tube and 0.2 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid were added to it. Farther 1 ml of Mayer’s reagent also added. A yellow colour precipitate was formed in the presence of alkaloids. B. Dragendroff’s Test 2 ml aqueous solution of the extract taken in a test tube and 0.2 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid added to it. Farther 1ml of Dragendroff’s reagent was added. An Orange brown precipitate was formed. It indicates the presence of alkaloids. C. Wagner’s Test 2 ml aqueous solution of the extract taken in a test tube and 0.2ml of dilute hydrochloric acid added to it. Farther 1ml of Wagner’s reagent was added. Reddish brown precipitate was formed. This precipitation indicates the presence of alkaloids. D. Hager’s Test 2ml aqueous solution of the extract taken in a test tube and 0.2ml of dilute hydrochloric acid added to it. Farther 1 ml of picric acid solution (Hager’s reagent) also added to it. A yellowish precipitate was formed with the alkaloids. Tests for Tannins A. Ferric Chloride Test 5ml aqueous solution of extract and 1ml of 5% Ferric chloride solution were taken in a test tube. No greenish black precipitate was formed. It declared the absence of tannins. B. Potassium Dichromate Test In a test tube 5ml aqueous solution of the extract was taken. Then 1 ml of 10% Potassium dichromate solution was added to it. No yellow precipitate was formed. So tannin is absent.

Source of Information: Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2016; 4(2): 115-118

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Achievement/Findings:

The results of organoleptic study offer a scientific basis for the traditional use of Plumbago indica L. which possess characters like green, characteristic odour, mucilaginous and slightly bitter taste. The aerial part of the Plumbago indica L. has been tested for the identification of the chemical group present in that plant. It has been found that Reducing sugars, Alkaloids, Steroids, Flavonoids and Gums were present. From the brine shrimp lethality bioassay study, it can be concluded that Plumbago indica L. can be investigated as a source of anti-tumor agent. This is only a preliminary study and to make final comment the drug should thoroughly investigated phytochemically and pharmacologically to explore their medicinal and pharmaceutical potentialities.

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