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Study of Elemental Profile of Some Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh

S. M. Fahad*
Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Joynal Abedin
Accelerator Facilities Laboratory, Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. Mehade Hasan
Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Obaidur Rahman
Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

S. M. Azharul Islam
Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mir Md. Akramuzzaman
Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mohammad Russell
Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Essential and trace elements in medicinal plants of saver near the Dhaka city in Bangladesh have been measured using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. The sample were dried, pressed to make pellet and then bombarded with accelerator proton at 3 MV Van de Graff Accelerator laboratory of Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, (AECD). The X-ray emitted in the irradiation were measured by Lithium Drifted Silicon Detector Si (Li). The scattering chamber with associated all other circuitry and software MAESTRO-32 has been used for data acquisition and the collected data has been analyzed using GUPIX software. A number of major and trace elements were found to be in varying concentrations in the investigated medicinal plants. The contents of K and Ca are being notably large in medicinal plants samples. No toxic elements were detected in the investigated samples.

Keywords: Van de Graff Accelerator, PIXE, Si (Li) detector, MAESTRO-32 software, GUPIX software, Medicinal plants

Location: Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Chemical Analysis

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

The possibility of incidence of contamination in air, water supply, food with trace elements, arising from modern agriculture & industrial practices, and from increasing urbanization, of a section of community, may have toxic effects on the long term health and safety of the whole population. It is therefore, essential to have information on the nature and the extent of the actual elemental concentration of medicinal plants for the betterment of health and welfare of human population.

Methodology:

2.1. Study Area Savar is located in between latitude 23.8583°N and longitude 90.2667°E. It has 66,956 units of household and a total area of 280.13 square kilometres (108.16 sq miles). It is bounded by Kaliakair and Gazipur Sadar upazilas on the north, Keraniganj upazila on the south, Mirpur, Mohammadpur, Pallabi and Uttara thanas of Dhaka City on the east, and Dhamrai and Singair upazilas on the west. The land of the upazila is composed of alluvium soil of the Pleistocene period. The height of the land gradually increases from the east to the west. The southern part of the upazila is composed of the alluvium soil of the Bangshi and Dhalashwari rivers. Main rivers are Bangshi, Turag, Buriganga and Karnatali. The Bangshi River has become polluted due to industrial waste. The total cultivable land measures 16,745.71 hectares (41,379.6 acres), in addition to fallow land of 10,551.18 hectares (26,072.5 acres).

2.2. Methodology In this modern scientific society a number of analytical methods are used for elemental analysis. One single method can provide all the answers of so diverse nature problem. Developments of complementary techniques are very much needed for the analysis of all groups of elements present in a sample. PIXE has been used in this study. PIXE is highly sensitive, non-destructive and multi-elemental ion beam technique which has wide applicability in numerous fields. PIXE has advantage due to large cross-section of X-ray production and the background contribution from bremsstrahlung is low. The most important minor and trace elements can be determined in single run within short time. In the view of above considerations, the present work was undertaken to determine essential and trace elements in various medicinal plants using PIXE technique at 3 MV Van de Graff accelerator Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka (AECD). 2.3. Sample Collection & Preparation The samples of various medicinal plants such as Nim, Tulshi, Basok, Bohera, Amloki, Arjun, Chirota, Hortoki, and Mehedi were collected in season of June, 2012 from Savar near the Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Samples were dried in “Memmert Schutzart DIN 40050 – IP 20” oven. Normally the temperature of the oven kept under 100ºC. But temperature of the oven should be varied due to the structure and condition of the sample to be dried. Setting requirements of the oven can be controlled. The dried samples were ground with a gate mortar. Samples were pelletized using Hydraulic pressure and pellets were 10 mm in diameters and 1mm in thickness. 2.4. Irradiation and Data Acquisition The prepared sample in the form of pellet was irradiated with proton beam of 2.3 MeV using 3MV Van de Graff Accelerator laboratory of Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka (AECD). During the irradiation, the beam current was in the range of 10µA-15 µA. The X-ray emitted in the irradiation were measured by using Si (Li) detector. 2.5. Data Analysis For PIXE method, we collected the data of different elements through measuring the peaks from the spectrum saved by MAESTRO software of different softwares . The X-ray spectrum has been analyzed to measure the concentration using GUPIX software. The acquired data were saved in a special GUPIX file format with some necessary header information, in the pre-defined folder. Thus data were collected in PIXE analysis. The calculation of elemental concentration Cs is based on the well known equation.

Source of Information: Journal of Nuclear and Particle Physics 2014, 4(1): 1-6

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.5923/j.jnpp.20140401.01

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The PIXE has been used for the elemental analysis of some medicinal plants commonly consumed in Savar near the Dhaka city of Bangladesh. The concentration of the K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, S, P, Sc, Ba, Pd, Cl and Ce elements of those samples have been measured. It is found that K and Ca are the most abundant detected elements in the samples. The results found by this study of the medicinal plants’ samples such as Terminalia belerica (Bohera), Emblica Officinalis (Amloki), Swertia Chirata (Chirota), Lawsonia inermis (Mehidi), ADHATODA ZEYLANICA (Bashok), and Terminalia chebula Retz (Hortoki) are great important for Pharmaceutical industries for medicine and drug production. Similar further study may provide sufficient knowledge to evaluate the significance of the importance especially related to human health.

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