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Research Detail

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Kamrun Nahar
Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bangladesh.

Shah Muhammad Ullah
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The pot experiments were conducted in 2 subsequent years in the net house of the Dept. of Soil, Water and Environment, Dhaka University to evaluate the effect of water stress on the growth, plant water relations, fruit quality, and osmotic adjustment of seven tomato cultivars. The percentage of field capacity levels were 40, 70, and 100. The tomato plants subjected to water stress during their growth period had decreased relative water content (RWC) of leaves and moisture content in tomatoes compared with the plants supplied with adequate moisture. Water use efficiency (WUE) also decreased with increasing moisture stress. A significant increase in organic solutes, glucose (85%), fructose (62%), sucrose (121%), and proline (103%) at 40% F.C. compared with 100% F.C. showed a tendency of these plants to adjust osmotically. Ascorbic acid, citric acid, and malic acid were also significantly enhanced by water stress treatments. The quality of fruits was improved as a result of the synthesis of these acids. Water stress did not affect the height of plants and no physical damage due to stress was observed in fruits and were over 90% red. Ripening and fruit quality showed that none of the stress-treated tomatoes deteriorated in quality. On the other hand, water stress enhanced the sweetness of the tomatoes by increasing their glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents and improved the quality by increasing the amount of important acids such as ascorbic acid, malic acid, and citric acid.

  Tomato; Drought stress; Plant water relations; Fruit quality; Osmotic adjustment
  Dept. of Soil, Water and Environment, Dhaka University
  
  
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Tomato

To find out a suitable drought-resistant tomato variety commonly cultivated in Bangladesh, to evaluate fruit quality, water use efficiency, sustain optimum growth, and solute accumulation under drought stress or with minimum use of water.

The pot experiment was conducted in Bangladesh; geographical location is 20º 34'N- 26º38'N and 88º01'E-92º41'E, mean humidity 79.5%, annual rainfall (average) 2000 mm and maximum annual temperature 36ºC and minimum 12ºC. The annual precipitation varies from 1500 mm in the north to 5700 mm in the northeast. The experiment was conducted in the Dhaka district and during the periods from (November-March) in 2 subsequent years. Seven varieties of tomato plants namely, Marglobe, Ruma VF, BR-1, BR-2, BR-3, BR-4, and BR-5 were the test crops. The seeds of two varieties namely Marglobe and Ruma VF were collected from Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation (BADC) farm and five varieties namely BR-1, BR-2, BR-4, and BR-5 from Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI) at Gazipur. The two varieties, BR-4 and BR-5 were summer varieties but could be cultivated throughout the year, i.e. both in winter and summer. The soil used in this experiment was of the Demra series under the Madhupur tract (According to the Reconnaissance soil survey report of Dhaka district, 1965, reviewed in 1987). Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15 cm from Katchpur at Demra, Dhaka. For physical and chemical analysis, collected soil samples were air-dried, ground to pass through a 2 mm sieve, and then mixed thoroughly to make a composite sample. Dry roots, grasses, and other vegetative residual parts were discarded from the soil. The general physical and chemical characteristics, of the soil, were: Textural class- Silty clay loam. Sand-5.8%, silt- 60.2%, clay-34.0%, Moisture at field capacity- 33%, Maximum water holding capacity-46%, Hygroscopic moisture-1.40%, Porosity-49%, Bulk density-1.27g/cc, Particle density-2.57g/cc, pH- 7.2, EC-143µS, OM1.14%, CEC-17.9 meq / l00 g soil and N-0.06%. The experiment was conducted under natural conditions in a completely randomized block design with four treatments and three replications at the net house of the Department of Soil, water environment, Dhaka University. Varieties namely Marglobe, Ruma VF, BR-1, BR-2, BR-4, and BR- 5 were used in this experiment in 2 subsequent years. Earthen Pots each containing 8 kg of soil were used in this experiment. The height of the pots was 23 cm, the diameter 29 cm, and the height of the soil in the pots was 21 cm. The pots were rearranged once a week so that the plants could receive uniform light and temperature. Water was added to maintain a constant level of 40, 70, and 100 percent of the field capacity throughout the experimental period. Water levels were maintained by applying water on a daily basis. Compensating the loss of water obtained by weighing the pots on a top balance. The seeds were sown (Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation) at BADC farm and after 24 days of germination two healthy seedlings of uniform size were transplanted to each pot. After transplantation plants were shaded for five days to protect them from sunlight. The number of plants was thinned to one after one week of transplantation. Three levels of water stresses were imposed in these experiments at the rate of 100%, 70%, and 40% of the F.C. in order to investigate the effect of different moisture regimes on osmotic adjustment, relative water content, water use efficiency, moisture content of fruit and fruit quality of plants. Water was added to maintain a constant level of 40, 70, and 100 percent of the field capacity throughout the experimental period. Water levels were maintained by applying water on a daily basis. Compensating the loss of water obtained by weighing the pots on a top balance. In the experiment, there was no loss of water through drainage as well as no extra gain of water other than the estimated irrigation water. In order to prevent the evaporation loss of water from the soil, the pots were well covered with aluminum foil. The amount of water lost through transpiration and evaporation, if any, was supplemented by the addition of water through the funnel daily in the evening. The moisture regime was maintained by weighing the pots on a top balance at a regular interval till the final harvest (November-March). Compensation was allowed for the gain in weight due to the vegetative growth of the plants. Range of water added/day: For 100% F.C.=250- 350ml/day,For 70% F.C.200-250m1/day, For 40% F.C.=150-200ml/day.

 

 

  Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research - 1(2): 1-14, 2018
  DOI: 10.9734/AJAHR/2018/39824
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

From the experiment, it can be concluded that under drought stress plants showed a  tendency to adjust against a drop in water potential in soil by producing organic solutes and important acids. It is believed that drought-resistant cultivars have wide adaptation and internal physiological. The process of stress by the accumulation of solutes and acids. On the other hand, water stress enhanced the sweetness of the tomatoes by increasing glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents and improved the quality by increasing the concentrations of important acids such as ascorbic acid, malic acid, and citric acid. Finally, we can conclude that it is possible to use water stress tolerance selection criteria in tomato breeding programs for drought resistance.

  Journal
  


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