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Effect of Industrial Effluents on Rice Growth, Yield and Soil Chemical Properties

Md Rafiqul Islam
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Bangladesh.

Golam Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

Abu Saleque
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Toxic pollutants and heavy metals in industrial effluents and city wastewater are massive concerns among researchers, development workers, media personnel, and policymakers. Keeping this in view-a a pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), net house during T. Aman 2010 (wet season) and Boro 2011 (dry season) rice aimed to determine the effect of different industrial effluents on rice growth, yield, and soil chemical properties. The irrigation effect of industrial effluents on rice production was more prominent in dry season (Boro) rice than wet season (T. Aman) rice. Perceptible changes in soil properties occurred through the effluents irrigation in rice-rice cropping pattern. Pharmaceutical and tannery effluents increased soil pH, EC, total N (%) available P (mg/kg). Exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Na (mmol/kg) were increased due to irrigation with dyeing, pharmaceutical, and tannery effluents. Dyeing, beverage, tannery, and city wastewater reduced percent soil organic carbon. Micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn) were increased significantly by the irrigation with dyeing, pharmaceutical, and tannery effluents in both wet and dry season rice. Heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr in soils were increased significantly through irrigation with effluents in rice-rice cropping patterns.

Keywords: Industrial effluents; Rice; Yield; Soil chemical properties

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI)

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2011

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice, Soil chemical properties

Objectives:

To study the effects of industrial effluents on rice growth and soil chemical properties.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), net house during T. Aman 2010 and Boro 2011 growing seasons. The soil for the experiment was collected from BRRI experimental farm (Madhpur tract, Agro-Ecological Zone 28). It is the middle part of Bangladesh (lat. 23°58’N, long. 90°23’E, 30 m above mean sea level) which has a long cropping history under rice-rice systems. The average temperature ranges from 8.2°C in winter to 36.6°C in summer. The mean annual rainfall is about 2,000 mm. After collection of soil, it was dried, crushed, and mixed. Each pot was filled with 10 kg of soil. Pot soil was received a basal dose of P and K fertilizer from TSP and MoP based on soil tests both in T. Aman and Boro seasons. The N fertilizer was applied into three equal splits: 1/3^rd as basal, 1/3^rd at early active tillering stage, and the remaining 1/3^rd at 5-7 days before panicle initiation stage. The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. BRRI dhan49 and BRRI dhan29 were used as a test variety in T. Aman and Boro seasons, respectively. Pots filled with soil were fully saturated with different industrial effluents like, polyvinyl, dyeing, pharmaceutical, beverage, tannery, city wastewater (CWW), and mixed wastewater (MWW) (cannel effluent which received dyeing, beverage, textile, etc effluent together). Soil saturated with underground water was considered as control. The soil of each pot was puddled thoroughly. After soil setting, four hills were transplanted to each pot with 2 seedlings per hill. Thirty-day-old and forty-day-old seedlings were transplanted in T. Aman and Boro seasons, respectively. Pots were irrigated with respective effluent regularly. Necessary intercultural operations were done as and when required. In T. Aman rice, tannery, and pharmaceutical effluent irrigated rice plants were died 21 and 25 days after transplanting but in Boro rice, tannery and pharmaceutical effluent irrigated rice plants were died just after transplanting but dyeing effluent irrigated rice plants have died after 21 days of transplanting. The crops were harvested at maturity. The plant height (cm), tiller and panicle number per hill, panicle length (cm), filled and unfilled grain per panicle, percent sterility, 1000 grain weight (g), harvest index, grain (14% moisture), and straw yields (oven-dry basis) per pot were recorded. After harvesting T. Aman and Boro crops, about 500 g of soil samples were collected from each pot. The soil samples were air-dried ground to pass through a 2-mm sieve. The obtained data were statistically analyzed following IRRISTAT version 4.3.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition - 5(4): 1-17, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/AJSSPN/2019/v5i430075

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The irrigation effect of effluents on rice growth and yield was observed in both wet and dry seasons of rice. The irrigation effect was found more prominent in dry season (Boro) rice over the wet season (T. Aman) rice. Changes in soil properties occurred through the effluents irrigation in rice-rice cropping pattern. Micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr) were increased in soils through the effluents irrigation in the rice-rice cropping pattern. Continuous irrigation with industrial effluents in rice fields increased soil pH and EC that developed soil salinity. Development of soil salinity in inland associated with the industrial effluents irrigation for rice cultivation is one of the unique findings which would be the great threat for declining soil quality as well as rice production.

Knowledge Management: Journal