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A Review on Energy Situation “solar Energy Policies and Targets” in Saarc Countries

Mehadi Hassan
Corresponding author:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Fatema-Tuz-Zohra
Corresponding author:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Saleha Akter
Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Present energy situation of the world is unsustainable due to unequal geographical distribution of natural wealth as well as environmental, geopolitical and economic concerns. Ever increasing drift of energy consumption due to growth of population and transportation has motivated researchers to carry out research on solar energy as an alternative source of primary energy supply. The International Energy Agency estimates that solar energy could make up as much as a quarter of the world’s total electricity production by 2050. With an estimated 900 million people in Asia still lacking access to electricity, most beyond the reach of grid development and centralized generation, localized solar plants are a viable solution. This paper presents a complete overview on the solar energy situation of SAARC countries including present status and future policies and targets. A detailed research on solar energy status and prospects of SAARC countries was done during the period September-December, 2016. Keywords: Energy Demand, Energy Consumption, SAARC Countries, Solar Energy, Future Targets

Keywords: Energy Demand, Energy Consumption, SAARC Countries, Solar Energy, Future Targets

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Energy

Objectives:

To unequal geographical distribution of natural wealth as well as environmental, geopolitical and economical concerns.

Methodology:

SAARC Energy Consumption: The Energy consumption is rising day by day throughout the world. In 1980 total primary energy consumption in South Asia was about 1.75% of the total world energy consumption which grew 2.35% in 2006. Though the energy consumption increases significantly, this region still remains in the lowest per capita energy consumption region of the world [23]. India is the leading energy consumer of SAARC countries consuming 850 million tonnes of oil equivalent (mtoe) in 2015 and Afghanistan is the lowest energy-consuming country having 0.4 mtoe at the same year. In per capita energy consumption also, there exist significant variations, notwithstanding in different consumptions, with Maldives enrolling the highest per capita energy consumption where Afghanistan and Nepal the lowest. SAARC Energy Demand: The energy demand of South Asia is expected to increase from 582.1 MTOE in 2005 to 1,264.3 MTOE in 2030, growing at an annual rate of 3.2%.. The renewable energy supply is calculated at 43% and 77% of the demand by the year 2030 and 2050 respectively. Among all the SAARC countries India will have the maximum energy demand of around 1100 mtoe and Maldives will be the lowest in energy demand of 0.7 mtoe by 2030. 3.1. Afghanistan receives about 5.3 kWh of solar radiation per square meter of horizontal surface on a clear day with a standard deviation of 0.42 kWh. This corresponds to an annual average Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) of 1,935 kWh/m2 (kilowatt-hours per square meter). National average seasonal maximum and minimum GHI are 7.84 kWh/m2/day and 2.38 kWh/m2/day (kilowatt-hours per square meter per day). Bangladesh: On average, Bangladesh receives 4-6.5 kilo watt hours per square meter solar radiation per day. On an estimation, the government and many other companies give the benefit of solar energy to 3.5 million houses by installing solar panels with an amount of about 135 MW. For this, solar electricity reaches to more than 13 million beneficiaries, which is around 10% of the total demography of Bangladesh. Bangladesh SHS (Solar Home System) is recognized as the fastest progressing solar power dissemination programs in the world by international society. An Infrastructure development company limited (IDCOL), Grameen Shakti, a government-owned monetary organization was put through most of the capacity connections which is from solar home systems. “Electricity for everyone” within 2021 is the vision of government by using this program. With a guess to produce 220 MW of electricity, IDCOL is aiming to finance 6 million SHS by 2017.

Source of Information: Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 2017; 6(4): 45-51; ISSN: 2330-7366 (Print); ISSN: 2330-7404 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20170604.11

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Due to the increase in oil and gas price and adverse effect on the environment, solar energy is taking its position every day over fossil fuel. Solar energy offer a renewable source of energy and can play a significant role to reduce dependency on petro–diesel and greenhouse gas emission. With a lot of blessings solar energy have some limitations also. Which are given: 1. Due to low electricity production rate it cannot fulfill the rapid demand of daily life and various necessities. 2. The installation cost of solar panel is much higher which is generally beyond the general people’s expectation. 3. Solar power have a low efficiency to meet the increasing energy demand. Economically, socially or environmentally present energy consumption trends are neither sustainable nor secured. An approaching energy crisis may grasp social and economic growth if there is no change in practice and selection of energy sources. With better targets and solar policy, hopefully, SAARC countries can implement solar as the major substitute of oil and gas and help ensure a cleaner, safer, better world for the future generations.

Knowledge Management: Journal