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Effect of Geographical Differences on Production Performance of Goat in Bangladesh

J. Bari
Department of Animal Products and By-products Technology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal, 8210, Bangladesh.

P. Biswas
Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal, 8210, Bangladesh.

F. Kabir
Department of General Animal Science and Animal Nutrition, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bangladesh has a subtropical monsoon climate characterized by wide seasonal variations in rainfall, temperature, and humidity which is suitable for goat rearing. The study was conducted to know the goat farm management and rearing system, feeding practices, and productive performance in the different geographical areas of Bangladesh for the period of six months. The experiment was carried out from January to June 2019. In this study, data were collected from a total of 210 goat farmers in 28 different villages of north-western, north Bengal, south-western, and southern regions of Bangladesh. It was observed that feeding and management have a great impact on goat production. Most of the farmers (80.5%) reared goats in a semi-intensive system while 12.2% of farmers used a free-range system (extensive). The production rate and breeding performance were higher in the semi-intensive system than that of the extensive system. The main feeds for goats were green grass, tree leaves and the main water source was a pond though some farmers supplied concentrate feeds to their goats. The majority of goat farmers (83%) used village bucks to breed there does and most of the farmers (89%) paid service charges to the buck keepers while most of them did not keep their own buck for natural service. The kidding rate was higher in the northern region than that of the southern region. In contrast, kid mortality was higher in the southern region (21%) than that of another region. The northern region was free from salinity, which was favorable for goat rearing. In this region, the average number of goat (4.13 ± 0.45), doe (1.17 ± 0.26), buck (0.76 ± 0.01), and kids (2.21 ± 0.22) was higher than that of any other region. The southern region was showed a low kidding rate and high kid mortality. The average number of goat (2.57 ± 0.28), doe (0.75 ± 0.11), buck (0.52 ± 0.11), and kids (1.38 ± 0.16) was lower in the southern region than that of any other region. It was observed that the variation on production performance of goats in the different geographical areas of Bangladesh due to topography and salinity. Moreover, it was indicated that the northern region of Bangladesh has the highest performance of goat production both in intensive and semi-intensive farming.

Keywords: Goat; Geographical differences; Vaccination and deworming, Rearing system

Location: Mymensingh district in Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2019

End Date: 00-06-2019

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

The objective of the survey was to collect and analyze field-level data relating to the variation of product performance based on the different geographical areas of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in different geographical regions of Bangladesh for a period of six months. The experiment was carried out from January to June 2019. At first, the survey was started from Mymensingh district, where a large number of farmers were found who was directly interrelated with goat rearing. The climate here is tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. Then the study was conducted in the Gazipur district. This city has a tropical climate. The summers are much rainier than the winters. The Gazipur area has more forage than that of Mymensingh. After that, the survey was continued in Bogra and Sirajganj district where the fast-growing small-scale goat rearing pocket is getting popular. It has a tropical wet and dry climate which is generally marked with monsoons, high temperature, considerable humidity, and heavy rainfall. Then the study was conducted in Jhenidah and Bagerhat districts. The climate is fond tropical. When compared with winter, the summers have much more rainfall. Finally, the survey was conducted in the Barisal district. This region has a tropical climate with grazing land throughout the summer and rainy seasons. This study was conducted on twenty- eight villages of seven districts in Bangladesh where most of the villagers reared goats. A pre-structured questionnaire survey was used to collect relevant information through the on-farm visits. Data were collected by face to face interaction with the responded farmers, repeated questioning, and observation of animals concerning the following points:

Breed
Age and sex
Housing pattern and floor
Feeding system (grazing or stall feeding or both)
Grazing (zero-grazing/ moderate grazing/ free-ranging)
Vaccination and deworming
Rearing system (intensive, semi-intensive, extensive)
Diseases, treatment, causes of death with mortality

Data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical package and tabulated as per requirement.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences - 6(1): 16-26, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study showed that among small ruminants, goats are the first preference to rear in Bangladesh. Most of the rural families keep Black Bengal along with some Jamunapari and crossbred. Goats were primarily reared as a source of meat at home or during festivals. Goats are adopted to be reared throughout the seasons, thriving on indigenous browses growing in compound bushes and farm fallows with additional supplementation from kitchen wastes. Prophylactic management of common infectious diseases is rarely practiced. The results indicate that based on the geographical and climatic distribution the north region of Bangladesh showed better performance in goat production both in free grazing and intensive farming than that of the southern region. On the other hand, a southern region of Bangladesh is comparatively less potential for goat rearing due to excessive salinity, unavailability of grass and tree leaves. Farmers are also unconscious about the scientific goat rearing system in this area. Moreover heavy rainfall and low land in the southern region causes flooding. That’s why goat rearing is more suitable in the northern region than that of the southern region. Being a developing country based on agriculture, the goat sector is an important part of Bangladesh's agriculture. It can be well performed by every category of farmers whether they are poor or rich to earn income on a regular basis. Thus this sector brings an overall benefit for the micro as well as macro aspects of economies of the country.

Knowledge Management: Journal