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Antioxidant Behavior of Two Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants: Kigelia Pinnata and Mesua Nagassarium

Md. Al Amin Sikder
Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

A.K.M. Nawshad Hossian
Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

Md. Masud Parvez
Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

Md. Abul Kaisar
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Ishrat Nimmi
BCSIR Laboratories, Dr. Qudrut-I-Khuda Road, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

Mohammad A. Rashid*
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Different extractives of leaves of Kigelia pinnata and Mesua nagassarium were screened for total phenolic constituents and free radical scavenging activity by using butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid (ASA) as standard antioxidants. The total phenolic content was determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent/ gm of extractives. Among all extractives of leaves of K. pinnata, the highest phenolic content was found in pet-ether soluble fraction (147.55 mg of GAE / gm of extractives), while the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (75.25 mg of GAE / gm of extractives) of leaves of M. nagassarium were found to contain the highest phenolic constituents. In the present studies, the methanol extracts and their pet-ether soluble partitionates of both plants demonstrated significant antioxidant potentials.

Keywords: Kigelia pinnata, Mesua nagassarium, Antioxidant, Free radical scavenging activity

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

On the other hand, Mesua nagassarium (Bengali - nagesar, nageswar, Family- Clusiaceae) is a medium-sized or fairly large evergreen flowering tree up to 36 m tall. It is the most widely studied plant under this genus and is a well-known tropical tree. It is used in folk medicine for the treatment of fever, dyspepsis and renal diseases (Kumar et al., 2006). Different aerial parts of M. nagassarium are traditionally used in the preparation of cosmetics and unguents. The pounded kernels of the seeds are applied externally as a poultice on wounds and all forms of skin eruptions. M. nagassarium is also reported to have antiasthmatic activity.

Methodology:

Plant materials: K. pinnata and M. nagassarium were collected from Rangpur and Dhaka, respectively in March 2010. Herbarium sheet for K. pinnata (DACB 34998) and M. nagassarium (DACB 35158) have been deposited in Bangladesh National Herbarium for future reference. Leaves of K. pinnata and M. nagassarium were sun dried for several days. The plant materials were then oven dried for 24 hours at considerably low temperature (40 °C) and then ground into coarse powder. The powdered materials (300 gm each) were then soaked in 2.0 and 2.5 liters of methanol separately and kept for 10 days with occasional shaking. The crude extracts were filtered through cotton plug followed by Whatman No. 1 filter paper separately and the extracts were concentrated by using a rotary evaporator. The concentrated methanolic extract was partitioned by modified Kupchan method (Van Wagenen et al., 1993) and the resultant partitionates i.e., pet-ether (PESF), carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF), chloroform (CSF), and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions were used for the experimental processes.

Total phenolics analysis: Total phenolic content of K. pinnata and M. nagassarium extractives were measured by employing the method described by Skerget et al., 2005 involving Folin-Ciocalteu reagent as an oxidizing agent and gallic acid as a standard. To 0.5 ml of extract solution (2 mg/ml) in water, 2.5 ml of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (diluted 10 times with water) and 2.0 ml of sodium carbonate (7.5 % w/v) solution were added. After 20 minutes of incubation at room temperature the absorbance was measured at 760 nm using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Total phenolics were quantified by calibration curve obtained from measuring the known concentrations of gallic acid (0-100 µg/ml) and were expressed as mg of GAE (gallic acid equivalent) / gm of the dried extract.

Free radical scavenging activity: The free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant capacity) of the plant extractives on the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was estimated by the method established by Brand-Williams et al., 1995. Here, 2.0 ml of a methanol solution of the sample (extractive/standard) at different concentration (500 µg/ml to 0.977 µg/ml) were mixed with 3.0 ml of a DPPH methanol solution (20 µg/ml). After 30 minutes of reaction at room temperature in dark place, the absorbance was measured at 517 nm against methanol as blank by UV visible spectrophotometer. Inhibition of free radical DPPH in percent (I %) was calculated as follows:

(I %) = (1 – A_sample/A_blank) X 100

where, Ablank is the absorbance of the control reaction (containing all reagents except the test material) and A_sample is the absorbance of extractive. Extract concentration providing 50% inhibition (IC50) was calculated from the graph plotted with percentage inhibition against extractive/standard concentration.

Statistical analysis: Three replicates of each sample were used for statistical analysis and the values are reported as mean ± SD.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal: Vol. 14, No. 1, January 2011 ISSN 0301-4606

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above investigations, it was evident that different extractives of both K. pinnata and M. nagassarium revealed significant antioxidant potentials. These bioactivities substantiate the folk use of these plants in inflammation, joint pain, cancer, rheumatism etc. Further studies are underway to isolate the bioactive compounds from these extractives.

Knowledge Management: Journal