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Management of Puddled Soil Through Organic Amendments for Post-rice Mungbean

Md Arafat Hossain
Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Md Masud Rana
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

S M Hisam Al Rabbi
Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Toshiaki Mitsui
Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Soil puddling is considered favorable for rice but unfavorable for post-rice upland crops. The deleterious effects of puddling in post-rice mungbean and management of puddled soil have not been adequately addressed earlier in Bangladesh. This research work was conducted to amend differential puddled soil through organic amendments for improved post-rice mungbean production. The treatments were puddling by four passes, puddling by eight passes, and non-puddling with three organic amendments i.e. control, crop residue, and cow dung. Puddling generally increased the bulk density of soil under moisture deficit conditions. Puddling had no significant effect on soil pH, total-N, available-P, exchangeable-K, and organic-C. Application of cow dung in the puddled soil increased the amount of N (75.0%), P (35.5%), K (13.3%), and organic-C (38.8%) compared to control. Puddling (eight passes) impaired root growth resulting in reduced total dry matter production by 15.6% over non-puddling conditions. Cow dung management in differential puddling intensity gave higher root (0.13 g plant^-1) and total dry matter (1.16 g plant^-1) production of mungbean than without amendment at 60 days after seedling. Puddling intensity adversely affected the number of pods plant^-1, thousand-seed weight, and seed yield. Cow dung application gave a significantly higher number of pods, seeds pod^-1, and thousand-seed weight. The mungbean seed yield achieved through cow dung incorporation (8.74 g plant^-1) was better than crop residue (7.38 g plant^-1) and control (7.34 g plant^-1). The adverse effects of puddling intensity on soil strength and bulk density and succeeding plant growth and seed yield of mungbean were highly remarkable. Cow dung management indicated a positive response to the improvement of soil properties and mungbean seed yield.

Keywords: Bulk density, Crop residue, Mungbean, Organic-C, Puddling intensity, Soil

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Cropping System, Rice, Mungbean

Objectives:

To improve soil Physico-chemical properties through the incorporation of organic amendment in the wetland rice soil of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Field Laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The location of the site is at 24^o05′ N latitude and 90^o25′ E longitude. The soil of the experimental field was man-made under Madhupur Tract (AEZ 28). The average temperature ranged between 21 °C to 35 °C during the experimentation. The soil texture was loamy clay and slightly acidic in reaction with very low N and P content. Rice was grown previously in the field under three puddling situations i.e. no puddling, puddling by four passes, and puddling by eight passes to create an ideal condition for the experiment. One pass means a single run of power tiller across the experimental unit. No puddling situation was the dry tillage condition using a power tiller. Field condition was set for post rice mungbean production where three management practices i.e. crop residue, cow dung management, and control plot were placed in three puddling situations. Both puddling and management practices were considered as the treatment variables. The variety used in this experiment was BU mug 4. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and all possible treatment combinations were replicated four times. The size of the experimental unit plot was 2.4 × 2.4 m. Mungbean was seeded following recommended spacing (30 ×10 cm). Fertilizers (urea @50kg ha^-1, TSP @85 kg ha^-1, MOP @35 kg ha^-1) were applied as per the recommendation of the fertilizer recommendation guide. Two management practices i.e. incorporation of crop residue and addition of cow dung were tested and compared with a control condition. Rice straw as crop residue @ 1.3 ton ha^-1 and cow dung @ 6.04 ton ha^-1 were incorporated at the time of final land preparation. Seeds were sown on puddled soil following the furrow method. Seeds were primed with water for four hours before seeding. The field was kept weed-free by hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after emergence (DAE) and adequate plant protection measures were taken to keep the plants free from insects and diseases. Soil sampling was done prior to commencing the experiment with the help of a core sampler to measure soil bulk density (Blake, 1965). Twelve soil samples were collected randomly from the main plots imposing pudding treatments. The samples were brought to the laboratory and fresh weight was taken immediately and at the same time, sub-samples were taken into cans and oven-dried at 105 °C for 72 hours, and then weighed. Soil moisture was measured six times at 5, 10, 15,
20, and 25 days after saturation and finally after harvest by the core sampler. The operation was done by collecting fresh samples from surface soil and dried at 105 °C for 72 hours or up to constant weight and then weighed it. The difference between fresh soil and oven-dried soil showed the moisture content. Soil moisture was measured in 12 main plots and in each case, the mean of three readings at each level was calculated. Collected different parameters data were analyzed following analysis of variance (ANOVA) according to the technique reported by Gomez and Gomez (1994) using the MSTAT program and the mean differences were compared by LSD method (p<0.05).

Source of Information: Asian J Agric & Biol. 2021(1)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.35495/ajab.2020.04.255

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Puddling intensity adversely affected soil strength and bulk density. Application of cow dung increased total- N (75.0%), available-P (35.5%), exchangeable-K (13.3%), and organic-C content (38.8%) of puddled soil compared to without amendment. Puddling (8 passes) impaired root growth resulting in reduced dry matter production compared to control treatment by 15.6%. Cow dung application at rates of 6.04 t ha^-1 in puddled soil improved mungbean root growth and total plant dry matter attributing higher seed yield by 16% over control. A detailed study on soil puddling and associated plant characters like root nodules, root growth, and application of other management practices i.e. application of other soil amendments like gypsum (SA), cultivation by zero tillage should be given emphasis to address the problem of puddled soil.

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