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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Status of Medicinal Plants in Rajshahi University Campus

Parmita ZAMAN
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Apurbo Kumar ROY
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Nurus Saba KHANUM
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Nurul ABSAR
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Tanzima YEASMIN*
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Forty different medicinal plants were investigated for arbuscular mycorrhizal association in the Rajshahi University Campus in Bangladesh. The results indicated that 35 different plants were infected by AM (arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi as found by trypan blue staining procedure. The percentage of root colonization by AM fungi varied from 13.3% to 100%. Mangifera indica and Morus indica have maximum percentage of colonization (100%). The intensity of root colonization were abundant in the plants belonging to the families Anacardiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Moraceae, Leguminosae and Apocynaceae whereas the intensity of colonization of crop roots were moderate and poor belonging to Gramineae and Leguminosae. The presence of greater number of spore in soil was always associated with the incidence of abundant mycelia. In plant roots the formation of spore and mycelia was restricted by low pH. Number of mycorrhizal fungus spores ranged between 35 to100 per 100g air dried soil in different family respective soils. The frequency of mycorrhizal fungus infection showed positive correlation with soil pH, moisture, water holding capacity, texture, total nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. Especially phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil greatly influenced the plant root infection by AM fungi.

Keywords: Screening of symbiotic fungus, Percentage of root colonization, Intensity of colonization, Medicinal plants

Location: Rajshahi University Campus in Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-06-2004

End Date: 00-07-2006

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

The present work was undertaken to study the natural status of AM in medicinal plants growing on natural soil of Rajshahi University campus. The purpose of this study is into the occurrences of plant species of mycorrhizal intensity of root colonization. To gain insight the present study describes occurrences and association of mycorrhizal fungus in medicinal plants in Rajshahi University campus.

Methodology:

Roots from 40 different medicinal plants growing and developed at Rajshahi University campus were examined for mycorrhizal infection. The roots were collected on June 2004-July 2006. The plants were developed under natural environmental condition. Roots and rizosphere soil samples of individual plants were used for experimental purposes and for each species six plants were used. The roots of the sample plants were carefully dug up along with their rhizophore soil in triplicate and transported to the laboratory in polythene bags. Plant roots were gently washed under tap water to remove soil particles. These roots were fixed in FA (formalin, acetic acid, rectified spirit, 5:5:90). These roots were cut into 1cm and cleared in 10% KOH by simmering at 90? for 1 hour. The KOH cleared roots were stained in lactophenol following the procedure of Phillips & Hayman (1970). The segments were examined under microscope for mycorrhizal infection. A root segment was considered to be positive if it showed mycelium, vesicle or arbuscle or any other combination among them. At least 50 roots segments were examined for each sample. The extent of VA mycorrhizal colonization was estimated by the percentage of root length colonized by mycorrhiza (Giovannetti & Mosse 1980). The percentage of root colonization were calculated using the following formula:

% root colonization = Number of arbuscular mycorrhiza positive segments /Total number of segment studied x 100

Soil sample were collected from the natural land at depth of 50cm from the soil surface level. The collected sample soil (near the different root system were collected and an aqueous suspension passed through different sieves (50m, 100m, 200m, 300m and 400m mesh) to collect spores of different sizes. The number of spores and mycelial fragments was estimated using wet sieving and decanting method (Gerdemann & Nicolson 1963) and Mosse & Bowen (1968). The result have been expressed on air dry basis.

To know the relationship between the soil properties with AM colonization different physical and chemical properties of soil were analyzed. Soil sample were analyzed for pH, moisture, water holding capacity, texture, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium following the standard procedures as described (Piper 1966).

Source of Information: Mycosystema 15 July 2008, 27(4): 543-553

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The sustainable plants examined from the Rajshahi University campus area were reflected a well colonized arbuscular mycorrhizal association. Glomus, Gigaspora and Scutellospora species were obtained from the rhizophere soil. The number of spore population in the soil presented of vesicles, arbuscules and hyphal formation showed the occurrences of arbuscular mycorrhiza in different medicinal plants.

AM fungi, therefore, are an important component of nutrient management programs that aim to reduce environmental pollution. The ability of AM fungi to reduce plants external phosphorus requirement has an important environmental benefit. This investigation indicated that in Bangladesh, Mangifera indica and Morus indica could be considered as the initial natural source of AM and taken as the stock plants to provide inoculum of AM for future works.

Knowledge Management: Journal