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Mechanization of Fibre Extraction: an Eco-friendly Alternative Method of Jute Retting

Mst. Aleya Nasreen
Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Md. Mahabub Ali
Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Selina Akhter
Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Tahmina
Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Md. Anisur Rahman Dayan
Textile Physics Division, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Md. Moslem Uddin
Textile Physics Division, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Jute retting has become a major obstacle for the cultivation of jute due to water scarcity. Not only that, the water retting generates wastewater and causes environmental pollution. This experiment was conducted to extract fibre through a mechanical process instead of extracting traditional water retting to overcome the problem. Machine extraction and water retting methods were applied to non-retted ribbons. Physicochemical properties were then determined of the extracted fibre samples. The promising result obtained is that the fibre extraction from the ribbon is possible by the developed fibre extractor machine. Machine extracted fibre of the bottom portion shows similar strength and lustre property like water retted fibre of the bottom. The middle portion of the machine extracted fibre showed a significantly higher lustre property compared to the water retted middle portion. Machine extracted fibres were coarse compared to water retted fibre. The water retting process produced finer quality fibre. Machine extracted fibres contain lower cellulose, higher hemicellulose and higher lignin compared to water retted fibre. These results show the possibility of developing alternative bast fibre extraction processes employing machines not undergoing water retting methods.

Keywords: Fibre extractor machine, Traditional water retting, Jute

Location: Microbiology & Biochemistry Department of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

To extract fibre from jute ribbon by machine.

Methodology:

Microbiology & Biochemistry Department of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka designed and developed a machine for separating fiber from jute ribbon with the help of Mirpur Agricultural Workshop and Training School (MAWTS), 1/C-1/A, Pallabi, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216. The prototype features a blender similar to the existing machines. The device comprises a frame, four blades inside the bucket and an electric motor (Motor power: 1 HP, Power supply: 220V, and Power retting: 0.75KW). The production capacity of the machine is 2-2.5 kg per hrs and rotation speed 2500 rpm. 120 days old jute plants (Corchorus olitorius, variety O-9897) with an average height of 3.15 m and diameter of 19 mm were collected from Jute Agricultural Experimental Station, Manikganj, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute and then separated ribbon from the jute plant. Ribbons were cut into 4″-6″ long pieces and placed in the machine with water. The ribbon and water ratio was 1:10. Then the machine operates for 10/15 minutes for separating fibre. Extracted fibres were washed, dried and preserved in a polythene packet for next Physico-chemical properties studies. Green ribbons were separated from 120 days aged defoliated jute plant (Corchorus olitorius, variety O- 9897) with an average height of 3.15 m and diameter 19 mm by a ribboner (decorticator) machine developed by BJRI. A green ribbon of 10 kg was submerged in 50 L of the concrete water tank and allowed to complete retting for 20 days. After completion of retting, fibres were washed and dried for the next Physico-chemical properties studies. Stelometer tester was used to determine the fibre bundle strength in gm/tex, which is performed tests according to test methods of ASTMD1445. Well combed fibres are placed on the pair of small clamp using zero gauge length and all protruding ends were sheared off evenly. The fibre clamp is inserted at the top of the pendulum and tension was applied to break the fibres. The broken bundle's fibres were weighted by precision balance. The braking force and weight are used in the following equation to determine the strength. Both machines extracted and water retting extracted fibres diameter were measured using Microscope (YGOO2C, Panasonic WV-CP310/CH, Japan). The single fibre was placed on the glass slide for the microscopic measurement, fibre diameter was measured at different 10 points of the fibre. Ten fibres replications were used for each sample. The brightness percentage of machine extracted fibre and water retted fibre was determined by PHOTOVOLT (Model 577 Reflection meter, USA). The green tristimulus filter is used to determine the lightness or whiteness of a colour irrespective of hue as it most closely transmits light detectable by the human eye. Green filter transmittance (LaCorix range 450 -620) and transmittance (peak) 550nm. Chemical components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin percentage of machine extracted fibre and retted fibre were determined by Thermogravimetric analyzer. The thermal degradation behaviour of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were analyzed by a Thermogravimetric analyzer (ELTRA THERMOSTEP, Germany) following ASTM standard. The temperature was calibrated before the experiment. The extracted fibre samples (minimum 400mg) were placed in an alumina crucible for testing and the process was carried out in an inert atmosphere with nitrogen gas and heated from room temperature to 500°C at a dynamic heating rate of 10°C /min. The measurement of hemicellulose was carried out in the temperature range from room temperature 315°C, cellulose from room temperature to 475°C and lignin was measured in the temperature from room temperature to 900°C. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using MSTAT-C (ver. 6.0, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI) and means comparisons for the significantly different variables were made among treatments using the Least Significant Differences (LSD) test at 0.05 level of significance.

Source of Information: J. Sci. Technol. Environ. Inform. 11(01): 749-755, 2021

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/jstei.110121.75

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In this study, an alternative way to extract fibre from ribbon/bark was developed to not require a water-based microbiological process. The extracted fibres were also compared with water-based retting fibre. The findings indicate that it is possible to separate fibre from the ribbon by the electro-mechanical process. The strength and lustre properties of the machine extracted fibre quality are more or less similar to water retted fibre. There is scope to improve the machine for large scale fibre extraction. From the perspective of practical application, it is mandatory to proceed with field trials at a large scale with a larger machine capacity. This first work of fibre extraction process by machine proved the possibility as retting alternative to some extent. So this research can be the future focus of the mechanization of fibre extraction as an alternative retting.

Knowledge Management: Journal