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Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato

Nusrat Jahan Nishat
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

Sazib Biswas
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

Md. Nazmul Hasan Mehedi
Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abdur Rakib
Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Kazi Tahmina Akter
Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 in the Horticulture Research Field and the Laboratories of the Sheik Mujaibur Rahman University of Agriculture, Salna, Gazipur, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, to identify the optimum dose of nitrogen and phosphoric fertilizer for better growth, yield, and quality of tomatoes. There were five levels of nitrogen 0 kg ha^-1 (N0), 125 kg ha^-1 (N125), 250 kg ha^-1 (N250), 300 kg ha^-1 (N300), 350 kg ha^-1 (N350) and five levels of phosphorus 0 kg ha^-1 (P0), 50 kg ha^-1 (P50), 100 kg ha^-1 (P100), 125 kg ha^-1 (P125), 150 kg ha^-1 (P150) which made 25 treatment combinations. The results revealed that nitrogen level 300 kg ha^-1 (N300) performed the best regarding plant height at final harvest (108.10 cm), the weight of fruits per plant (2.50 kg), yield per hectare (76.17 t), and TSS (10.41%). The crop treated with phosphorus 125 kg ha^-1 (P125) produced the maximum plant height at final harvest (103.89 cm), a number of fruits per plant (66.76), the weight of fruits per plant (2.20 kg), the weight of fruits per plot (32.04 kg), yield per hectare (66.75 t) and TSS (10.42%). The plants treated with nitrogen 300 kg ha^-1 and phosphorus 125 kg ha^-1 (N300P125) performed the best regarding plant height at final harvest (112.17 cm), the number of fruits per plant (88.11), the weight of fruits per plant (2.87 kg), yield per hectare (87.85 t) and TSS (10.62%). For tomato growing in the Salna series of shallow Red-Brown Terrace soil, a combined treatment of nitrogen 300 kg ha^-1 and phosphorus 125 kg ha^-1 was found to be more lucrative, with a high benefit-cost ratio (8.61).

Keywords: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Growth, Yield and Tomato

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-10-2013

End Date: 00-03-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Tomato

Objectives:

To identify the optimum dose of nitrogen and phosphoric fertilizer for better growth, yield, and quality of tomatoes.

Methodology:

The trial site has a subtropical climate with substantial rains from April to September and little rain the rest of the year. The experimental field soil was a Shallow Red-brown Terrace soil from the Salna series of Shallow Red-brown Terrace soil. The soil was silty clay loam, acidic and deficient infertility. Deep plowing was used to prepare the research field for good tilth. During final land preparation, basal doses of fertilizers such as cow dung (10 t ha^-1) were applied. The trial was laid out using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and divided into three blocks; treatments were assigned at random in each block, representing three replications. The blocks to block and plot to plot distances were 1 m and 0.5 m, respectively, with a unit plot dimension of 2.4 m 2.4 m. Row to row spacing was 60 cm, while plant to plant spacing was 40 cm. One tomato variety, ‘BARI tomato 14’, was used as planting material for this experiment. It was an open-pollinated variety, 30-35 days to maturity (anthesis to ripening), and tolerant to bacterial wilt. The experiment consisted of two factors (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer). Urea and triple superphosphate were applied as per treatment as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, respectively. Entire cowdung (10 t ha^-1) and TSP were applied during land preparation. In two installments at 15 and 30 days after transplanting, Urea and MoP were applied as a top dressing. Urea and TSP were applied as per treatment combination. Seedbed was used to raise tomato seedlings. They need fine tilth condition, seed was sown in line on 14 October 2013. Then seedlings (30 days old) were transplanted to the experimental plot on 14 November 2013. Necessary gap filling was done within a week of transplanting. Weeding was done to break the soil crust and to keep the plots free from weeds. Irrigation was given to the plants as and when needed. Control measures were taken against aphid, bacterial wilt, and leaf curl virus. Aphids were controlled by spraying Admire @ 2 ml/10 L of water and bacterial wilt, fungal diseases, and leaf curl virus were controlled by Diathene M45 @ 2 g L^-1 of water and Ridomill gold @ 2 g L^-1 of water. The data collected on plant height (cm) at first flowering, plant height (cm) at last harvest, days to maturity (from seed sowing to the first harvest), number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit length, the weight of fruits per plant, the weight of fruits per plot, yield per hectare, total soluble solids (tss) content (%), estimation of ascorbic acid and estimation of β-carotene. The ascorbic acid was determined and free ascorbic acid content was quantified. The estimation of β-carotene was done by the following formula. The optimum doses of nitrogen and phosphorus for maximum crop yield were calculated from a simple ploynomical regression equation. y =α + β1x + β2x²; Where x is the independent variable (fertilizer dose). The optimum dose of fertilizer for maximum yield was x = -β1/ 2β2. MSTAT-C program was used to find out the significance of the experimental result. The mean for all the treatments was calculated. By F-variance ratio, the analysis of variance for each of the characters was performed. The DMRT did the mean separation at a 1 or 5% level of probability. The total cost of production, gross income, the net return, and cost-benefit ratio of tomatoes were calculated.

Source of Information: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives - Vol. 02, Issue 01: 33-40, 2021

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/ijmp.020121.06

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

With 300 kg N ha^-1 and 150 kg P ha^-1 (N300P150), the production of tomato was best, but TSS was the highest in P125 while ascorbic acid content was found the highest in and beta carotene content was recorded the highest in P0. The plants treated with N300P125 performed the best in all the experimental parameters. So nitrogen @ 300 kg ha^-1 and phosphorus @ 125 kg ha^-1 is recommended for better yield, quality, and economic benefit of tomato cultivation in this region

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