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Cation Dynamics and Growth Morphology of Aromatic Rice Under Salt Stress

A. Sultana
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. Baset Mia
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

J. U. Ahmed
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Salinity is abiotic stress which affects plants’ growth, morphology, and cellular functions, and alters the ionic balance in the cytosol and vacuole in various crops. In the present investigation, salt stress was tested with three rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties/genotypes viz. Pokkali, Sundari Samba, and Khasa with three levels of salinity (0, 6, and 9 dSm^-1). In the investigation, growth, morphology, and ionic status in roots, stem, and leaf were observed under pot culture with three replicates in each treatment. The results of the experiment revealed that salt stress decreased in growth attributes namely, root dry matter, shoot dry matter, total dry matter, and root: shoot ratio. Sundari Samba showed higher values, but Khasa had the lowest. Mineral ion content especially the cation in the plant tissue namely Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ differed significantly due to salt stress as well as the K⁺/ Na⁺ ratio decreased in root and shoot due to salinity. Sundari Samba maintained quite higher K⁺/Na⁺ than the susceptible genotype. Due to salinity, different growth characteristics and K⁺ concentrations decreased but Na⁺ concentration increased. Here the tolerant genotype Sunduri Samba accumulated higher amounts of K⁺ than the susceptible genotype Khasa and altered the ionic ratios through the distribution of Na⁺ ion in the shoot.

Keywords: Salinity; Aromatic rice; Growth; Morphology; Cation dynamics

Location: Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Salt stress, Aromatic rice

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of salinity on growth, morphology, and cation dynamic of aromatic fine rice varieties/genotypes under salt stress conditions.

Methodology:

This experiment was conducted at the shade-house of the department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh. Three rice genotypes viz. Sundari Samba, tolerant check Pokkali, and susceptible Khasa were used with three levels of salinity (0, 6, 9 dSm^-1) where salt was applied in three equal splits at two days intervals. Plastic pots containing about 8 kg soils were used in this experiment. Fertilizers namely urea, triple superphosphate (TSP), and muriate of potash (MoP) were used for N, P, and K at the rate of 0.19, 0.06, and 0.07 g kg^-1soil, respectively. The MoP and TSP were applied as basal doses before transplanting where urea was applied at topdressing in three equal splits. The experiment was laid out in two factorials completely randomized design(CRD) with three replications, where factor: 1 genotype-3, factor2: salinity level-3 (0, 6, 9 dSm^-1). The three genotypes in combination with two salinity levels were randomly assigned in 27 pots. After 14 days of salt deposition, different physiological parameters were taken from the fresh leaf samples. At the final harvest, roots were carefully cleaned with running tap water and finally washed with distilled water. Rice plants were separated into roots, shoots, and seeds and rinsed repeatedly with tap water and finally with distilled water and thereafter dried in an electrical oven (Froilabo, France) at 71ºC to obtain a constant weight. The mean root dry weight pot^-1 was calculated for each treatment. Shoot dry weight was calculated from the summation of leaf, stem, and panicle dry weight. The total dry matter (TDM) was calculated from the summation of root and shoot dry matter. For estimation of Na⁺, K⁺, Ca^2+, and Mg²⁺, oven-dried plant samples were ground in a Wiley Hammer Mill (Willy PULVERIZB, Yoshida Seisakusho Co.Ltd), passed through 40 mesh screens, mixed well, and stored in plastic vials. For acid digestion, oven-dried ground plant tissues (0.5g) and 5ml of di-acid (HNO₃ and HClO₄) mixture were taken in a digestion tube and left for 20 min then transferred to a digestion block and continued heating at 100ºC and left to digest until the yellowish color of the solution turned to a whitish color. Then the tubes were removed from the heating chamber and left to cool to room temperature. About 40ml of de-ionized water was carefully added to the digestion tubes and the contents filtered through Whatman no. 40 filter paper into a 100 ml volumetric flask and the volume was made up to the mark with de-ionized water. The content of Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(3), 207-214, 2021

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v56i3.55968

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Due to salinity Na⁺ concentration increased with the decrease in K⁺ concentrations. Again K⁺/ Na⁺ ratio decreased due to salinity. In that case, the tolerant genotype showed lower Na⁺ concentration, higher K⁺ concentrations, and higher K⁺/ Na⁺. The concentration of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ in the shoot increased with the increase of salinity. In the shoot, Sundari Samba had the highest Ca²⁺ value and Pokkali had the lowest value at 6 dSm^-1. On the other hand, at 9 dSm^-1 Pokkali had the highest value and Khasa had the lowest value. In the root, at 6dSm^-1 all three genotypes showed statistically similar values. But at 9 dSm^-1 Sunduri Samba had the highest value and Pokkali had the lowest value. In the case of Mg²⁺ both in root and shoot, there were not any genotypic variations among all three genotypes both at 6 and 9dSm^-1. But there was a significant increase in Ca²⁺ Mg²⁺ content both in root and shoot as the salinity increases. The tolerant genotype (Sundari Samba, Pokkali) maintained a higher K⁺ ion concentration, K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and lower Na⁺ ion concentration. Therefore, it seems that tolerant genotypes could adapt better to salt stress than the susceptible ones. Considering the changes in different ion concentrations and K⁺/ Na⁺ ratio Sunduri Samba can be used for further experimentation in the salt tolerance mechanism.

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