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Assessment of Water Quality of a Transboundary River at Brahmanbaria

Shova Saha
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

AHM Shafiullah Habib
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md Anichur Rahman
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mallika Saha
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This investigation was undertaken to evaluate some physicochemical parameters of water of the transboundary Haora River in Brahmanbaria from October 2018 to September 2019 from three different sites. The study revealed that air temperature at three different sites ranged 13 – 38 °C while the water temperature was 11 – 32 °C. Transparency of water varied from 18 – 55 cm Secchi depth and became more turbid during monsoon. The average values of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) both in sites and seasons were within the standard limits for aquatic organisms. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were found between 77 and 352 mg/L and varied greatly in seasons. Electric conductivity (EC) was ranged from 135 to 650 µS/cm. On the other hand, maximum and minimum hardness of water were recorded as 322 mg/L and 118 mg/L respectively and become lowest in monsoon. The rainy season bears high torrential water which brought a huge amount of different types of garbage through the water flow from the Indian part. Most of the garbage is of floating and submerged type as plastic containers, bottles, polybags, cans, etc along with natural debris. During the study period highest (172 kg) and lowest (113 kg), plastic garbage was collected in May and July respectively. This foreign garbage may impair the normal healthiness of the river ecology.

Keywords: Haora River, water quality, garbage

Location: Haora River at Akhaura Upazila under Brahmanbaria district in Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-10-2018

End Date: 00-09-2019

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To find out the water quality and status of floating garbage of the Haora River for evaluating the pollution level of water of the said river.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the Haora River at Akhaura Upazila under Brahmanbaria district in Bangladesh. The topography of the area is plain and agricultural land situated near the Bangladesh-Indian border (Joynagar). Three sites of the river were selected for sample collection as entry points at Joynagar (Site 1: 23.823766N, 91.243266E), the middle part of the river at Ganganagar (Site 2: 23.832778N, 91.199361E), and the last part of the river was joined with the Titas River at Ujanisar (Site 3: 23.847541N, 91.161766E). Water samples were collected once a month from October 2018 to September 2019. Different seasons of the year were followed as BBS were three seasons were common viz. summer (March to June), monsoon (July to October), and winter (November to February). The temperature of air and water were determined by using a standard mercury thermometer (Centigrade) directly on spot. The thermometer was kept open to the air at sampling sites for 2-3 minutes and recorded the readings. To determine water temperature the thermometer was dipped at least 10 cm into the water for 1 – 2 minutes and recorded the reading. Water transparency was measured by a standard 20 cm diameter Secchi disc, following the technique of Alzaman and Boyd (1978). Transparency was determined by using the following formula: Zs = (d1 + d2) / 2; Where Zs is the water transparency, d1 is the depth where the disc is invisible, and d2 is the depth where the disc was visible. pH or concentration of hydrogen-ion in water was determined by a pH meter (Model HANNA, HI-96107) and calibrated using buffer solution which pH value was 7.0 in accordance with the standard method before data collection. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured with a digital Dissolved Oxygen Meter. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were measured with a TDS meter (Adwa AD 31, Made in Romania). At the time of measuring TDS, electrical conductivity (EC) is also measured by the same device simply pressing the mode button once and the reading was recorded. The hardness of water was measured by using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution (HI3812), hardness buffer, calmagite indicator supplied in HANNA Hardness Test Kit (HI 3812). Hardness (mg/L) was calculated using the following formula as mentioned in the supplied manual: The hardness of water = Reading of used EDTA solution × 300. The garbage was collected by the local people with the traditional method using rope and net and measured the weight by a digital weight machine at Joynagar point each month when they were available in the water.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 49 (1): 137-146, 2021

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v49i1.53689

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The Physico-chemical of the water in the Haora River changes with time. The overall condition of water fluctuates because of radical change in the flow of water which is subject to over rain especially hamper when the river overflow with much water carried from India part. The most alarming thing that should be noted is that the river carries much debris from plastic bottles, cans, the garbage that are the wastes of India. This should be a great challenge for Bangladesh to maintain the normal condition of the river.

Knowledge Management: Journal