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Research Detail

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Md. Golam Rabbani
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Md. Samiul Haque
Senior Veterinary Surgeon
Obhoyaronno- Bangladesh Animal welfare Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. A. Jalil
Veterinary Surgeon
District Veterinary Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Md. Mahmudar Rahman
Senior Veterinary Surgeon
Obhoyaronno- Bangladesh Animal welfare Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Md. Raihan Nabi
Veterinary Surgeon
Upazilla Livestock Office, Naogaon Sadar, Naogaon, Bangladesh.

Md. Abu Bakr Siddique
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Two categories of duck and hen eggs (clean and dirty) were selected from wholesalers for this study from January- June 2013. After collection and transportation to the laboratory bacteriological analysis was performed under two major principles of assessments. At first microbiological quality was evaluated and then Total viable count (TVC), Total coliform count (TCC), and Total Salmonella Count (TSC) were performed. A total of 40 egg (20 egg of hens and 20 eggs of duck) samples were subjected to assessment on microbiological quality. The TVC, TCC, TSC of clean (intact) eggs of the egg peel of duck were logged 4.94, log 4.70 and log 4.75, respectively, and in the case of hen eggs values were log 4.73, log 4.50, and log 4.53, respectively. The mean value of TVC, TCC, and TSC of dirty eggs of the egg peel of duck were log 5.42, log 4.87, and log 4.76, respectively and in hen eggs, the values were logged 5.25, log 4.83, and log 4.67, respectively. The highest significant correlation was found between TVC of clean hen and TSC of dirty hen eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC, and TSC of clean duck and dirty duck eggs ranged from 0.0174 to 0.8055. The highest significant correlation was found between the TCC of clean duck and the TSC of dirty duck eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC, and TSC of clean hen eggs ranged from 0.0224 to 0.6915. The TVC and TCC showed a highly significant correlation with the TSC of clean hen eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC, and TSC of dirty hen eggs ranged from 0.3269 to 0.7837. The TVC and TCC were highly significantly correlated with the TSC of dirty hen eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC, and TSC of clean duck eggs ranged from 0.0873 to 0.8390. The TCC showed a highly significant correlation with the TVC of clean duck eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC, and TSC of dirty duck eggs ranged from 0.3959 to 0.8597. The TVC and TCC showed a highly significant correlation with the TSC of dirty duck eggs. The highest bacterial load was found in dirty duck eggs and the lowest score was found in clean hen eggs. The study indicated that hen eggs are safer than duck eggs.

  Eggs, Egg peel, Bacteria, E. coli, Salmonella, Local market, Sylhet
  Sylhet town
  00-01-2013
  00-06-2013
  Food Safety and Security
  Egg, Bacteria

To assess the nature of surface contamination and bacterial load of clean and dirty eggs of both duck and hen. Isolation and identification of spoilage bacteria and associated factors that foster their growth were also determined in this study.

Eggs (clean and dirty) of duck and hen were collected from the wholesale markets in Sylhet town. The representative eggs for the study were collected aseptically using sterile instruments and transferred carefully to appropriate sterile containers and brought to the laboratory for subsequent studies to determine the bacteriological quality. Bacteriological analysis was performed under two major principles of assessments: Firstly, microbiological quality was evaluated, and then the determination of Total viable count (TVC), Total coliform count (TCC), and Total Salmonella Count (TSC) were performed by using Nutrient agar (NA), MacConkey agar (MCA) medium Nutrient broth (NB), MacConkey broth (MB), Peptone broth, Methyl-Red and Voges-Proskauer broth (MR-VP broth), Selenite broth (SB), Koser's Citrate medium, etc and assessed the microbiological quality of egg samples. The media used for bacteriological analysis were Nutrient agar (NA), Plate Count Agar (PCA), MacConkey agar (MA), Eosin-Methylene-blue agar (EMB), Salmonella-Salmonella agar (SSA), Brilliant Green Agar (BGA), Violet Red Bile Agar (VRB), etc. To find out microbial surface contamination of egg peel, six egg peels from each category were rinsed aseptically after the eggs were dipped in 200 milliliters of distilled water for five minutes. This constitutes the individual sample. One milliliter of this sample was transferred to nine milliliters of PBS solution to make 1:10 dilution. The surface plating method was carried out in accordance with the standard procedure of Harrigan and McCance. To determine the microbial contamination level of the egg peel surface, the procedure of sampling adopted by Collins and Patricia (1976) was followed. According to the technique, the contents of six eggs of each kind were aseptically obtained and blended at a low speed for a period of three minutes. One milliliter of this sample, which constituted the representative sample, was transferred to nine milliliters of PBS solution to make 1:10 dilution. The surface plating method was carried out in accordance with the standard procedure described by Harrigan and Mc Cance (1976). After collection, the samples of tigers and lions were grown in the recently prepared nutrient broth at 370C for 24 hours. Then overnight bacterial broths were streaked on SS agar, Brilliant Green Agar (BGA) (for Salmonella), EMB (for E. coli), Mannitol salt agar were incubated at 370C for 24 hours. Identification of bacteria was done on the basis of colony morphology, Gram’s staining technique, Motility Indole Urease (MIU) test, Carbohydrate fermentation test (e.g. dextrose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, and mannitol), Reaction of the organisms in TSI agar slant, Simmons citrate agar utilization test, indole test Voges-Proskauer test, Methyl Red (MR) test, oxidase, and catalase. The data on Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), and Total Salmonella Count (TSC) obtained from the bacteriological examination of egg samples of duck and hen eggs sold by wholesalers were analyzed, by employing factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD) and using computer package SUS software (Freed, 1992). Using applicable Duncan's Multiple Range Test was employed, treated product differences. Correlation among TVC, TCC, and TSC was also evaluated.

 

  International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2020, 7(4): 81-93
  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4430663
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The unwholesome egg has been considered to be responsible for a number of cases of egg-borne infections and intoxications. It has been widely accepted that the microbial population that comes in contact with eggs during handling and transportation presents a challenging problem to the egg industry. The higher incidence of microorganisms may be attributed to unhygienic and improper handling during the collection, transportation, and storing of the eggs. Constant microbiological monitoring is therefore essential for maintaining the hygienic measures that should be followed during handling, transportation, and storage to minimize the contamination of eggs. Although the supply of eggs to communities for providing nutrition is beset with a factor of pronounced economic and hygienic importance, the situation of egg handling, collection, transportation, and storing practices in Bangladesh takes place in a very unhealthful situation. 

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