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Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Day Old Broiler

Sanjoy Biswas
Upazila Livestock Officer
Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh.

Mir Rowshan Akter
Department of Microbiology, Hazi Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Arup Ratan Chaki
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Shah Md. Ikbal
Upazila Livestock Officer
Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh.

Md Abdul Matin
Department of Dairy Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh.

Md. Shahbubul Alam
Department of General Animal Science and Nutrition, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The intention of this study was to determine the bacterial pathogens from the liver and cloacal swab of day-old chicks (DOC) with their characterization. For this purpose, a total of 50 (Fifty) DOC were collected from 05 (Five) hatcheries. Samples from vital organs like the liver and cloacal swabs were examined bacteriologically for the presence or absence of bacteria. For the identification and characterization of bacteria morphology, staining, cultural, biochemical properties, molecular characterization, and antibiogram studies were accomplished. The highest load was found Escherichia coli (52%), Salmonella spp. (38%) and Staphylococcus spp. (36%). Antibiogram profiles revealed that E. coli and Salmonella were strongly sensitive to Colistin sulphate and Gentamycin, moderately sensitive to Cefixim, Ciprofloxacin, and Neomycin, and less sensitive to Doxycycline, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Tetracyclin.

Keywords: Day old chicks, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Antibiogram, Broiler

Location: Department of Microbiology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2014

End Date: 00-12-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Bacteria, Broiler

Objectives:

To evaluate antimicrobial sensitivity of bacterial pathogens isolated from day-old broiler chicks.

Methodology:

Day-old broiler chicks were collected from five (05) hatcheries of Bangladesh which were carried to the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur Bangladesh, during the period of July 2014 to December 2014. All samples were collected from post mortem birds. Sterilized apparatus was used and samples were collected aseptically and transferred immediately into Petri dishes and tubes containing peptone water. Then it was inoculated into the Nutrient broth and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours it was streaked into Nutrient agar and MacConkey agar medium by inoculating loop. After the collection of samples, these were inoculated into nutrients both and then it was incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. After 24 hours the incubated broth was streaked onto different bacteriological media using an inoculating loop. Gram staining, motility test, and biochemical test were performed to characterize the organism. For the biochemical test, the stock nutrient broth was taken for the sugar fermentation test in five basic sugars like dextrose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, and mannitol to observe the production of acid and gas. Other biochemical tests performed were the indole test, MR- test, and VP-test. Lastly, an antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted to know their drug sensitivity and resistance pattern. Samples were cultured into different bacteriological media at 37ºC for 24 hours as mentioned above. The culture plates were examined for the colony characteristics produced by a specific bacterial group. The morphological characteristics developed after 24 hours of incubation were carefully studied as described by Marchant and Packer and recorded. The representative bacterial colonies were characterized morphologically using Gram’s stain according to the method described by Merchant and Packer. The motility test was performed to differentiate motile bacteria from the non-motile ones according to the method. Various biochemical tests were performed for species identification. For this study isolated organisms with supporting growth characteristics of E.coli on EMB and Salmonella on SS and BGA were subjected to various biochemical tests named carbohydrate fermentation tests, TSI agar slant reaction, MR-VP, MIU, Indole reaction, and Citrate utilization test was carried out for identification of suspected Salmonella and E. coli. Individually isolated colonies of the same morphology were selected from appropriate agar plates, cloned, and checked for purity of growth prior to characterization of the respective genera and species. Characterization into respective genera and species were done on the basis of morphological cultural and biochemical and serological reaction. The classification and specification of organisms were based on the scheme presented in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Susceptibility of the isolated Salmonella spp. and E. coli to different antimicrobial agents was performed to determine the drug sensitivity pattern and to interpret their diseases potential. Antibacterial discs were applied aseptically to the surface of the plate at an appropriate arrangement with the help of sterile forceps and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours, aerobically. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated E. coli and Salmonella were performed against 14 commonly used antibiotics belonging to different groups. After incubation plates were examined and diameters of the zones of inhibitors for individual antibacterial agents were measured with campus scale and input the mm (diameter) on the antimicrobial sensitivity testing software and then designated as highly sensitive ≤24, moderately sensitive ≥20, less sensitive ≤15 and resistant ≥10. Data were entered into a database and was analyzed with P-value by using Graph pad software.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2015, 2(5): 56-63

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The presence of bacterial pathogen suggested that strict hygienic and sanitary measures during and after hatching of day-old chicks as well as the hygienic management of the breeder farms and proper control and prevention program against bacterial diseases were followed. From the antibiotic sensitivity study, it was observed that E. coli and Salmonella were sensitive enough to Cephalexin, Neomycin, Gentamycin, and Ciprofloxacin suggesting that these antibiotics could be used for therapeutic purposes if there is the occurrence of colibacillosis.

Knowledge Management: Journal