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Effects of Cultivation Method and Fertilizer Management on the Growth and Yield of Carrot

Nizamul Haque Patwary
Department of Agricultural Extension, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.

Md. Azizur Rahman
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Ferdous Mondal
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Shamim Ahmed
Department of Agricultural Extension, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Shah Muhammad Shahidullah
Department of Agricultural Extension, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the winter season to study the effects of different cultivation methods and fertilizer management practices on the growth and yield of carrots. The experiment consisted of three cultivation methods, viz. flat, ridge and deep spading and six fertilizer doses, viz., (i) cowdung @ 9 t/ha, (ii) poultry manure @ 5.63 t/ha, (iii) Urea-TSP-MP @ 195-132-120 kg/ha, (iv) Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum @ 195-132-120-89 kg/ha, (v) Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax @ 195-132-120-89- 10 kg/ha, (vi) Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax-Zinc sulphate @ 195-132-120-89-10-20 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 18 treatment combinations and three replications. The results revealed that plant height, fresh weight of roots and leaves, root length, percent dry matter of roots and leaves, cracked roots and branched roots and gross and marketable yields were influenced significantly by different cultivation methods. Similarly, fertilizer doses had a significant influence on all of the aforesaid characters along with the number of leaves and root diameter. The ridge cultivation method produced the maximum gross (34.29 t/ha) and marketable (30.69 t/ha) yields of carrots. The minimum gross (29.18 t/ha) and marketable (26.24 t/ha) yields were obtained from the deep spading method. The use of Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax-Zinc Sulphate @ 195-132-120-89-10-20 kg/ha fertilizers produced maximum gross (36.41 t/ha) and marketable (33.20 t/ha) yields of carrot whereas the minimum gross (26.09 t/ha) and marketable yields (23.45 t/ha) were found from the treatment of cowdung @ 9 t/ha. A significant interaction effect between different cultivation methods and fertilizer management was observed for all the parameters studied except for the number of leaves, root length, the diameter of roots, dry matter content of the root, and marketable yield but their combined effects were significant on all parameters. Regarding the combined effects, the maximum gross (38.53 t/ha) and marketable (35.80 t/ha) yields of carrot were obtained from the ridge method of cultivation and application of Urea-TSP-MP-GypsumBorax-Zinc Sulphate @ 195-132-120-89-10-20 kg/ha fertilizers with a maximum net return of Tk. 154516.00 per hectare and benefit-cost ratio of 4.64.

Keywords: Daucus carota L., Branched root, Rotten root, Cracked root, Dry matter, Gross yield, Benefit cost ratio.

Location: Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Carrot

Objectives:

To find out the best combination of cultivation method and fertilizer management which lead to increased yield and economic return of carrot.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The site of the experiment is situated between 24°75" N latitude and 90°50" E longitude at the elevation of 18 m above sea level. The soil of the experimental plot was silty loam in texture belonging to the Old Brahmaputra Brahmaputra Flood plain under the Agro-Ecological Zone 9 having non-calcareous dark grey flood plain soil. The land was medium-high and had adequate irrigation facilities and a good drainage system having a soil pH of 6.6 which is suitable for carrot cultivation. The characteristics of the soil under the experimental plot at a depth of 0-30 cm were analyzed in the Humboldt Soil testing Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The morphological characteristics of the soil of the experimental land as indicated by FAO areas AEZ - Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain, Soil series - Sonatola Series, General soil - Non-calcareous dark grey, and Parent material - Old Brahmaputra River-borne Deposits. The geographic position of the experimental site is in the sub-tropical zone, characterized by heavy rainfall during kharif season (April to September), and scanty rainfall during the rest period of the year i.e. during the Rabi season (October to March). Rabi season is characterized by comparatively low temperature and plenty of sunshine. A Japanese carrot variety (Daucus carota L. cv. SB Kuroda) was used in this experiment. It is an improved variety having deep orange-red color inside. Storage roots become 18-20 cm long, smooth, and uniform. It is a well-adapted carrot variety to warm growing areas. The seeds were collected from Takii & Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan. The selected land for the experiment was first opened by disc plough with the help of a tractor and then it was kept open to the sun for seven days prior to the next ploughing. After discing, the land was ploughed and cross ploughed six times with the help of a power tiller. Deep ploughing was done to have good tilth which was necessary to get a better yield of the crop (Ahmed, 1969). Each ploughing was followed by laddering to break up the soil clods into pieces and to level the soil surface. All weeds and stubbles were removed from the plot before sowing seeds and Darsban 20 EC at the rate of 1.235 L/ha were mixed with the soil of plots as a protective measure against ants and caterpillars. The experiment consisted of three cultivation methods, viz., flat method, ridge method and deep spading method; and six combinations of fertilizers viz., cowdung @ 9 t/ha, poultry manure @ 5.63 t/ha, Urea-TSP-MP @ 195-132-120 kg/ha, Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum @ 195-132-120-89 kg/ha, Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax@ 195-132-120-89- 10kg/ha, and Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax-Zinc sulphate @ 195-132-120-89-10- 20 kg/ha. A general application of cowdung @ 3 t/ha was applied during initial land preparation. The entire quantity of cowdung, poultry manure, TSP, half amount of urea, MP and other fertilizer as per treatment were applied at the time of final land preparation. One-fourth of urea was applied at 10- 12 days of seedling emergence and the remaining one-fourth of urea and rest MP were applied at 35- 40 days of seedling emergence. In the selected plot as per layout of the experiment, ridges were made after fertilizer application and before sowing of seeds with the help of a spade. The height of each ridge was kept at 12-15 cm. The emergence of seedlings started after 7 days after sowing (DAS). Seedlings were thinned out two times. First thinning was done at 20 DAS leaving two seedlings on each hill. The second thinning was done after another 10 days keeping only one healthy seedling on each hill. Weeding was done as and when necessary with the help of khurpi. Generally, the wedding was done four times in plots to keep the plots free from weeds. The experimental crop was invaded by mole cricket, field cricket and cutworm during the early growing stages of the seedling. As a preventive measure against the insect pests, Darsban 20 EC was applied at the rate of 1.235 L/ha at 15 days intervals for two months. The crop was disease-free and no fungicide was used. The irrigation was given in the experimental plots as per treatment started from 40 DAS. All other subsequent irrigations in these plots were made at an interval of 15 days and continued until 15 days before harvest. Irrigation was made in such a way that sufficient water reached the root zone. Irrigation was given by a watering can. Loosening (natural mulch) of soil was done with the help of a khurpi after irrigation when the upper layer of the soil started to form crust. The cost and return analysis in the details was done according to the procedure of Alam et al. (1989). The material, non-material and overhead costs were recorded for all the treatments and calculated per hectare basis. The farm gate price of carrot root (marketable yield) was taken into consideration for cost return analysis.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2 (2015) 72-85

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the cultivation method, the ridge method produced the highest gross yield (34.29 t/ha) but the lowest in the deep spading method (29.18 t/ha) while the maximum gross yield (36.41 t/ha) was obtained in Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax-Zinc sulphate @ 195-132-120-89-10-20 kg/ha, and the minimum gross yield (26.09 t/ha) in cowdung @ 9 t/ha. The interaction and combination of ridge method and Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax-Zinc sulphate @ 195-132-120-89-10-20 kg/ha was produced the maximum gross yield (38.53 t/ha) while the minimum (24.33 t/ha) gross yield was obtained from the treatment combination of deep spading and cowdung @ 9 t/ha. The maximum marketable yield (30.69 t/ha) was produced by the ridge method while the minimum marketable yield (26.24 t/ha) was found from the deep spading method. Among the fertilizer management Urea-TSP-MPGypsum-Borax-Zinc sulphate @ 195-132-120-89- 10-20 kg/ha, produced significantly the highest marketable yield (33.20 t/ha) while the lowest (23.43 t/ha) was found cowdung @ 9 t/ha treatment. The interaction effects of cultivation method and fertilizer management were not significant for marketable yield but their combined effect was significant for marketable yield per hectare. The combination of ridge method and Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax-Zinc sulphate @ 195-132-120-89-10-20 kg/ha, fertilizer gave the maximum yield (35.80 t/ha) and the lowest yield (22.40 t/ha) was found from the combination of flat and cowdung @ 9 t/ha. From the economic point of view, it was evident that the highest net return of Tk. 154516.01/ha was obtained from the combination of ridge method and Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax-Zinc sulphate @ 195-132-120-89-10-20 kg/ha. The benefit-cost ratio was also maximum (4.64) in the same treatment and the lowest (2.78) was in the deep spading method and poultry manure @ 5.63 t/ha. Therefore, it can be recommended that the ridge method is suitable for the production of carrot cultivation and the use of Urea-TSP-MP-Gypsum-Borax-Zinc sulphate @ 195-132-120-89-10-20 kg/ha, may lead to higher production of carrot.

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