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Effect of Seed Borne Fungi on Germinating Wheat Seed and Their Treatment with Chemicals

Md.Shahidul Islam
Department of Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

Md. Nazirul Islam Sarker
Department of Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

Md. Arshad Ali
Department of Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Wheat is being invaded by several fungal pathogens, many of them are seed-borne. These fungi were detected by the methods as recommended by the ISTA. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Pathology Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January 2006 to February 2007 to record and identify the seed borne fungi associated with wheat seeds as well as their control with some chemicals. The seeds were collected from ten villages of each of two different locations of Dinajpur district (Dinajpur Sadar Upazila and Birgonj Upazila). Different seed-borne fungi such as Bipolaris sorokiniana, Ahernaria tenuis, Curvularia lunata, Fusurium spp, Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were predominant with the wheat seeds of two locations of Dinajpur district. Three chemical fungicides such as Vitavax 200, Bavistin, and Captan were used to evaluate their effect on seed-borne fungi of wheat seeds. Among the used chemicals Vitavax 200 showed potential effect compared to others. However, if the considerable effect of Vitavax 200 fungicide on the environment and its performance in field trail were observed Vitavax 200 could be used to control wheat seed born fungi.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Seed-borne fungi, Vitavax 200, Bavistin, Captan.

Location: Seed Pathology Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-01-2006

End Date: 00-02-2007

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Wheat, Fungal Disease

Objectives:

To detect seed-borne fungi on wheat seeds and control seed-borne fungi by chemicals.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out to see the effect of fungicides on controlling seed-borne fungi of wheat. A total of 40 seed samples (Farmer's seed) of two wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) varieties (Protiva and Sourav) were collected from two Upazila of Dinajpur district (ten villages were included in each Upazila). One sample was taken from each village and the size of each sample was 200 g (approx.). The seeds were then kept in paper bags and stored in the refrigerator at 5-7°C till these were used for the subsequent studies. All the seed samples were assayed for the presence of fungal pathogens by the Standard Blotter Method following the international rules for the Seed Testing Association. The seed-borne fungal pathogen associated with seeds was observed by stereo binocular microscope following the key of Mathur and Kongsdal (1994). In this method, two hundred seeds were randomly taken from each sample. The seeds were plated on water-soaked three-layered Whatman No. 1 filter paper in plastic petridish. In each petridish, 25 seeds were plated at an equal distance. All these Petri dishes were incubated at 20±2°C under 12 hours alternate cycle of Near Ultra Violet (NUV) light and darkness. After 7 days of incubation, petridishes containing incubated seeds were observed under a stereomicroscope. Where identification was difficult or doubtful under the stereomicroscope, the temporary slide was prepared and examined under the compound microscope and identified with the help of keys. Numbers of germinated seeds were recorded along with the seed-borne fungi after seven days of incubation. The results were expressed in percentage. Three fungicides namely, Vitavax 200, Bavistin, and Captan were tested at their recommended dose (0.25%) against the seed-borne fungal pathogens. The requisite amount of each fungicide and seeds from each sample were taken in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask and were shaken mechanically for 10 minutes for proper coating of fungicides. After 24 hours, the efficacy of the 3 test fungicides, were evaluated by comparing it with an untreated control using the Standard Blotter Method. The Fungi yielded and germination of seeds was recorded. The experiments were conducted following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Analysis of variance was done and the mean differences in the efficacy of the treatments were judged by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Values were transformed by means of the arcsin transformation to normalize the variation. The analyses of variance were performed on the transformed values for germination percentage.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2 (2015) 28-32

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Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study revealed that wheat seeds produced by the farmers in different parts of Bangladesh carry important seed-borne fungi and treating seeds with Vitavax 200 might be the best in controlling fungi of wheat seeds. Thus, farmers may be advised to use Vitavax 200 as a seed treatment to control wheat seed-borne fungi. However, more comprehensive research including field trials needed to be carried out in this discipline before recommendation.

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