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Evaluation of Some Medicinal Plants Against Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Spp. and Staphylococcus Aureus

Nigar Sultana Meghla
Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh.

Maruf Hossain
Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh.

Badrul Alam
Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh.

Lovely Rani Paul
Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh.

Nigarin Sultana
Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh.

Ashish Kumar Das
Modern Food Testing Laboratory, Chittagong City Corporation, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Md. Bakhtiar Lijon
Modern Food Testing Laboratory, Chittagong City Corporation, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Since the beginning of human civilization, medicinal plants have been used by mankind for their therapeutic value and even in modern times have formed the basis of many pharmaceuticals in use. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different extracts of Piper betle, Boerhavia diffusa, Oxalis corniculata, Centella asiatica, Camellia sinensis, Curcuma longa, and Allium cepa traditionally used in Bangladesh. The antimicrobial activity of these different solvent extracts was tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacterial species (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.) by observing the zone of inhibition by disc diffusion method. The tested bacterial species were isolated from hospital wastewater samples and fresh poultry meat samples where Chloramphenicol was used as a standard for antibacterial assay. The results of the study revealed that the ethanolic, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of almost all the seven herbal species were successfully shown to be effective against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with only negative results observed in case of Centella asiatica. The methanolic and water extract of Boerhavia diffusa was found to be slightly effective producing a shorter zone of inhibition. Among these medicinal plant products, Camellia sinensis and Piper betle was found to be more effective against the tested bacterial species where methanolic extracts showed maximum zone of inhibition against Gram-positive (S. aureus with a zone of inhibition of 12 mm and 11 mm respectively) and Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp. with a zone of inhibition of 16 mm and 14 mm). The result confirmed the presence of antibacterial activity of Piper betle extract and other five medicinal plant extracts against various human pathogenic bacteria which should be further tested for other pathogenic multi drug-resistant bacteria and could be used as an effective biocontrol agent in the future.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Antibacterial property, Gram positive bacterium, Gram negative bacterium

Location: Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different extracts of Piper betle, Boerhavia diffusa, Oxalis corniculata, Centella asiatica, Camellia sinensis, Curcuma longa and Allium cepa traditionally used in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Piper betle, Boerhavia diffusa, Oxalis corniculata, Centella asiatica, Camellia sinensis, Curcuma longa, and Allium cepa were purchased from local shops, washed twice with tap water followed by 95% ethanol and then with distilled water. The leaves and seeds were then air-dried under shaded sunshine and grinded to make a fine powder. Course materials were sieved out and re-grinded. The conical flasks were sterilized in the oven at 160°C for 30 minutes. Five (5) gm of powder from each of the samples was poured into the conical flask. In the case of methanolic extract, 50 mL of 100% methanol was added to each flask and mixed it perfectly. In the case of ethanolic extract, 50 mL of 100% ethanol and to prepare water extract, 50 mL of distilled water was used and then incubated in the incubator for seven days at 28 °C. The extracts were filtered out with a filter paper cone and put the supernatant in each Petri plate and removed the debris from the conical flask was. The plates containing extracts were dried at 45 °C. The weight of each of the extracts was calculated following the calculation (W=W3-W2) shown. The tubes were then dried until they came to the point of 0.5 mL and covered with a cap. Whatman filter paper was punched by the punch machine into 6mm in diameter. Then these disc papers were autoclaved to be sterilized and dried. All the extracts were impregnated into the discs (10 mg/disc) and tested against a number of bacterial pathogens. The stock culture of human pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus) were revived from glycerol broth stock to Nutrient agar media followed by the selective growth onto EMB, XLD, and Mannitol Salt Agar media respectively, and then inoculated to nutrient broth (one loop full culture in 5mL nutrient broth). After incubation at 37 °C for 2 hrs until confirmation of the McFarland standard and then culture from the broth was swabed on the Mueller Hinton Agar plate and implanted the standard antibiotic disc as the control along with the prepared discs (soaked with respective extracts) into the plates. The Mueller Hinton Agar plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 to 48 hrs and observed the zone of growth inhibition

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2016, 3(1): 25-31

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that the leaves of Piper betel along with Oxalis corniculata, Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Allium cepa can be a very good source for herbal drugs at any solvents used in this study. The study deserves more extensive work on the isolation and identification of active ingredients from the tested plants having antibacterial properties in order to explore its potential in the treatment of many infectious diseases.

Knowledge Management: Journal