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Meiotic Behaviour in Ten Species of Pteridophytes from Bangladesh

MA Mannan
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh; Information and Communication Technology Division, ICT Tower, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

G Kabir
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The meiotic behavior of ten pteridophyte species from Bangladesh was analyzed in the present investigation. In SMCs of Adiantum capillus-veneris, thirty distinct bivalents were enumerated. In A. caudatum 16 SMCs resulting 64 spores were observed in sporangium which appeared to be diploid sexual. A. lunulatum was found to be triploid apogamous and as diploid sexual forms, thus this species of Adiantum exhibited wide range of morphological variations. Pteris biaurita, P. graffithi and P. vittata were recorded to be n = 29 as diploid. In Thelypteris, all the four species were observed to be diploid sexual except C. dentata when it was tetraploid (n = 36, 4x = 144). In C. arida, meiosis was almost regular with 2n = 72 chromosomes. C. cylindrothrix and Ampelopteris prolifera were also found to be diploid sexual, with 2n = 72 chromosomes.

Keywords: Meiosis, Pteridophytes, Spore mother cells

Location: The northwestern part of Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To study the meiotic behavior including chromosome association and chiasma frequency young sporophylls.

Methodology:

Ten species of pteridophytes were used as experimented material in this study. To study the meiotic behavior including chromosome association and chiasma frequency young sporophylls were collected between 8.00 am and 5.00 pm directly from the original habitat (northwestern part of Bangladesh) or from the plants grown in pots or fields. The frequency of diakinesis was found abundant between 9.00 am and 3.00 pm. It was observed that the first half of the daytime was best for collection regarding the maximum number of dividing cells. However, grossly there was no hard and fast rule for meiotic timing like mitosis. The young sporophylls were fixed in 1:3 aceto-alcohol immediately after collection. For Adiantum 36 h fixation time was enough whereas 48 h fixation time rendered good results for Pteris, Ampelopteris, and Christella. After 36-48 h of fixation, they were transferred to 80% alcohol and kept in a refrigerator till use. Suitable sori were placed on a clean slide and a drop of 1% aceto-carmine was added. The sporangia were then ruptured with a flat-ended needle and the indusia and sporangial wall were removed from the slide. Thereafter, the spore mother cells (SMC) were covered with a cover glass, warmed gently over an alcohol flame and a slight pressure was exerted by a fingertip to spread out the SMCs as well as the chromosomes. Extra heating was applied with 45% acetic acid when needed to make the cytoplasm clear. Temporary slides were observed under a compound microscope and photomicrographs were taken from the desired preparations. The cytological screening was carried out at all stages of meiosis. A total of thirty stages of diakinesis or metaphase I of each species were studied to analyze the chromosome association. Data on chromosome association and chiasma frequency were recorded from the desired preparations. Chromosome configurations at diakinesis and metaphase I were used to determine the pairing and number of univalent, bivalent, or multivalents. The ring or rod bivalents with position or number of chiasmata were also recorded. Other notable observations during meiosis were also recorded.

Source of Information: J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 135-142, 2021 (June)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v29i0.54829

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present findings are primarily in conformity with many of the researcher’s observations because the conclusive comment can be drawn after working with most of the ferns available in Bangladesh. Due to differences in chromosome number, many authors suggested separating Adiantum from Copeland Pteridaceae.

Knowledge Management: Journal