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Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Physio-chemical Properties of Papaya

S. Easmin
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.

M. A. Hoque
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.

M. M. H. Saikat
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.

E. Kayesh
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield, and physiochemical properties of papaya (Carica papaya) from February to December 2019. The experiment was designed into twelve treatments [T₁ = Control, T₂ = 100% RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizers), T₃ = 50% RDF+ 50% MOC (Mustard Oil Cake), T₄ = 50% RDF+ 50% VER (Vermicompost), T₅ = 50% RDF + 50% PM (Poultry Manure), T₆ = 25% RDF+ 75% MOC, T₇ = 25% RDF + 75% VER, T8 = 25% RDF+ 75% PM, T9 = 100% MOC, T10 = 100% VER, T11 = 100% PM and T₁₂ = MOC + VER + PM] at the experimental field of Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The effect of treatments varied significantly for most of the characters studied. Results showed that the plant growth, yield contributing traits, fruit yield, and quality of papaya significantly increased in T₁₀ treatment compared to other treatments. The maximum amount of dry matter of fruit (4.37%), TSS (18.17 %), total sugar (9.43 g/ 100g), reducing sugar (6.34 g/ 100g), β- carotene (0.24 mg/ 100g), mineral as Ca (0.39%), Mg (0.33%) and K (2.08%) were found in T₁₀ treatment and the minimum amount were found in the control T₁. The maximum amount of non-reducing sugar was obtained from T₁₂ (3.93 g/ 100g) and the minimum from T₃ (2.23 g/ 100g). Ascorbic acid was found maximum in T₇ (24.99 mg/100g) and minimum in T₁₁ (22.00 mg/100g). A significant influence of T₁₀ treatment on growth, yield, and physio-chemical characters were observed. The application of 100% vermicompost which influenced growth, yield, and physiochemical properties of papaya in Salna series of Red Brown-terrace soil is suggested.

Keywords: Mustard oil cake, Vermicompost, Yield traits, β- carotene, Ascorbic acid, Sugar content, Carica papaya L.

Location: Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-02-2019

End Date: 00-12-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer and manures, Papaya

Objectives:

To find out the organic and inorganic fertilizer effects on growth, yield, and physiochemical properties of papaya and also standardize the doses for maximizing the yield of papaya.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the research field and Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during the period from February to December 2019. The site was about 24.09⁰ N latitude and 90.260 E longitude and at an elevation of 8.40 m from the sea level. Papaya seedlings (Red lady) were collected from BRAC nursery, Gazipur. The experiment was carried out with twelve treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. In each treatment consisted of 8 plants and one replication had 24 plants. The experimental field was 2-3 ploughs with a fine tilth. Pits of 30×30×30 cm were prepared and planting two seedlings of papaya in each pit with the spacing of row to row 2 m and plant to plant 2 m. After at a flowering stage one tree has been cut down from each treatment. The intercultural operation such as weeding, gap filling, staking, and irrigation was done when needed. Dried leaves of plants were removed to keep the field disease-free. T?: Control; T?: 100% Recommended dose of fertilizer (225:100: 225 g N- P₂O₅ - K₂O per plant) follow the Fertilizer Recommendation Guide; T?: 50% Recommended dose + 50% Mustard Oil Cake (2.25 kg/ plant); T?: 50% Recommended dose + 50% Vermicompost (6.25 kg/ plant); T?: 50% Recommended dose + 50% Poultry Manure (9.25 kg/ plant); T?: 25% Recommended dose + 75% Mustard Oil Cake (3.8 kg/ plant); T?: 25% Recommended dose + 75% Vermicompost (9.4 kg/ plant); T?: 25% Recommended dose + 75% Poultry Manure (13.8 kg/ plant); T?: 100% Mustard Oil Cake (4.5 kg/ plant) (BARC, 2012); T??: 100% Vermicompost (12.5 kg/ plant) (BARC, 2012); T??: 100% Poultry Manure (18.5 kg/ plant) (BARC, 2012); T??: Mustard Oil Cake (1.5 kg/ plant) + Vermicompost (4 kg/ plant) + Poultry Manure (6 kg/plant). All organics were applied on N equivalent basis. Calculated quantities of inorganic fertilizers and half of the total organic fertilizers were applied at the time of planting. The recommended dose of nitrogen and potassium inorganic fertilizers and the remaining half of organics were applied in four splits at an interval of 30 days starting from 30 days after transplanting till flowering by ring method (30 cm away from the plant on around the side of the plant), the entire dose of phosphorus and boron was applied at the time of planting as basal dose. Growth, yield, and physio-chemical data were collected at different growing periods. Growth parameters such as the Plant height (cm) was measured with a measuring scale. The plant diameter (cm) was measured with a measuring tape. A number of leaves/plants were manually counted. Leaf area (cm²) was measured by the non-destructive method followed by Khan el. al. (2016). Petiole length (cm) and canopy (cm) was measured with a measurement scale. Yield parameters as days to flowering initiation, number of flowers/plant, days to fruit set, number of fruits/plant, fruit length (cm), and fruit diameter (cm) was measured with the help of vernier calipers. The fresh fruit weight (g) was taken immediately after harvesting with the help of electronic balance. The five random fruits selected were cut open longitudinally and measured the pulp thickness (cm) with the help of vernier calipers. Dry matter (%) was measured by oven-dried fruit weight was taken with the help of electronic balance and expressed in percentage. yield/plant (kg/plant), yield/ha (MT/ha) were recorded. Physio-chemical parameters such as TSS (%) were estimated by hand refractometer. Total sugar (g/100g), reducing sugar (g/100g) and non-reducing sugar (g/100g) were estimated as per the procedure by Somogyi (1952). Ascorbic acid (mg/100g) was estimated by using AOAC, 1965 method. β-carotene (mg/100g) was measured by spectrophotometer at 663 ηm, 645ηm, 505 ηm and 453 ηm (Nagata and Yamashita, 1992). Calcium (%), magnesium (%), and potassium (%) were measured by vanadomolybdate method through the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 442.8 ηm, 285.5 ηm, and 766.5 ηm, respectively. The mean was estimated using the statistix-10 computer program. Analysis of variance was performed for all the characters to test the differences between the means of the effect of the treatments. Treatment means were analyzed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Mean and coefficient of variation (CV %) were also estimated using the statistics-10 computer program.

Source of Information: Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2) : 69-83

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/aba.v24i2.55785

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the present study reports that the establishment of an effective application of organic fertilizers as an alternative source of fertilizers for more production of papaya. The application of vermicompost also showed significant results on growth, yield, and physicochemical properties. The plant produced maximum growth and yield of papaya due to the application of 12.5 kg vermicompost/plant (treatment T₁₀).

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