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Lead Acetate Induced Toxicities and Antitoxic Effect of Vitamin E and Selenium in Mice

M. S. Jahan
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

M. E. R. Bhuiyan
Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Gautam
Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. S. Islam
Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Background: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dosages of lead in the hematological parameters of mice and to observe the antitoxic role of Vitamin E and Selenium in induced lead toxicities. Moreover, the toxic effect of lead in the reproduction of female mice was also examined. Methods: A total of 72 (48 male and 24 female) Swiss albino mice were used in the experiment. After adaptation, 42 male mice were selected for hematological studies and divided into seven groups (n=6) where Group A represented healthy control mice and Group B, C, and D were treated with lead acetate at the rate of 0.5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg respectively. Similarly, three other groups B+, C+, and D+ were treated with lead acetate plus Vitamin E and Selenium at the rate of 2ml per liter drinking water. A total of 24 female mice were divided into four groups (n=6), group E represented control mice and Group F, G, and H were treated with lead acetate at the rate of 0.5mg/kg, 1mg/kg, and 2mg/kg for three weeks followed by matting and treatment was continued for another one week of gestation. Blood sample was analyzed from the hematological study group. Result: The lead treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in the value of Hb and PCV significantly whereas the value of TEC and TLC were significantly decreased in Group C and D in relation to Control. The value of ESR increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in Group D in relation to Control whereas MCV and MCH values were significantly decreased than that of control. The value of TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR, and TLC improved in the Lead plus Vitamin E- Selenium treated group as compared to the Lead treated group but, only Group C+ showed significant improvement as compared to Group C. The value of neutrophil and monocyte were significantly decreased were as lymphocyte and eosinophil were significantly increased relative to control. There was a dose-dependent effect of lead in pregnancy of female mice with the highest effect (premature delivery and infant mortality) on high dose treated mice. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lead has a great impact on hematological parameters and has an effect on various systems of the body. Premature birth and abortion are major effects of lead toxicity. Our results suggest that hemolysis of RBC and or impairment of erythropoiesis may be caused by lead toxicity and the hematological values can be restored by the use of Vitamin E plus Selenium.

Keywords: Hemolysis, Hematological parameters, Abortion, Infant mortality, Pregnancy

Location: Experimental Animal House, (icddr,b) Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Mice

Objectives:

The aims of our study were to evaluate the effect of different dose of lead on hematological parameter and observe the antitoxic role of vitamin E and selenium in lead induced toxicities. In addition, the toxic effects of lead in gestation period of mice also evaluated.

Methodology:

A total of 72 (28 day old, 48 male and 24 female) Swiss albino mice of body weight (23±2) were purchased from Experimental Animal House, (icddr,b) Mohakhali, Dhaka. These animals were housed in the laboratory animal room of the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. All mice were kept under normal laboratory conditions and adapted for two weeks. They were allowed free access to tap water and fed on standard pellet diet. Out of 48 male mice, 42 mice were selected for hematological studies and divided into seven groups (n=6) as A, B, C, D, B+, C+, D+. Group A was considered as control group and was treated I/P with 0.5ml normal saline. Remaining groups were treated with lead acetate solution (lead acetate doses were dissolved in 0.5ml normal saline) at one day interval at equal volume during the experimental period of 4 weeks. The mice of Group B, C and D were treated with lead acetate at the rate of 0.5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg body weight respectively. Similarly, mice of Group B+ was treated with lead acetate at the rate of 0.5mg/kg body weight plus vitamin E and selenium at the rate of 2ml per liter drinking water, Group C+ with lead acetate at the rate of 1mg/kg body weight plus vitamin E and selenium at the rate of 2ml per liter drinking water and Group D+ with lead acetate at the rate of 2mg/kg body weight plus vitamin E and selenium (E-Sel®, Square Pharmaceutical company Ltd.) at the rate of 2ml per liter drinking water. The female mice were divided into four groups (6 mice each) and were treated with lead acetate for the period of 3 weeks except the first group which acted as control (dose and procedure are same as described previously). Then male mice were added for successful production of progeny and treatment was continued another weeks of the gestation. At the end of the experimental period (4 weeks, hematological study groups), animals were killed by decapitation. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture with the help of disposable syringe and needle and immediately after collection; one drop of blood was kept in a clean slide for Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC). 2ml of blood was transferred in sterile tube containing anticoagulant at a ratio of 1:10 for the hematological examination like Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Erythrocyte Sediment rate (ESR), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC). The hematological parameters were determined using established methods (Lamberg and Rothstein, 1977). All the values were expressed as mean±SE for each group. The data were calculated and analyzed using graph pad prism by one-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. The criterion for statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2021). 19 (1): 75–85; ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print), 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI:https://doi.org/10.33109/bjvmjj2021lam1

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that lead affects different organs and systems of the body like bone, kidney, liver and placenta. Premature delivery and abortion are major effect of lead toxicity. Our results suggest that hemolysis of RBC and or impairment of erythropoiesis may be caused by lead toxicity and the hematological values can be restored by the use of Vitamin E plus selenium. Further studies are needed to explore the complete antitoxic effect of Vitamin E and Selenium which will be beneficial for animals as well as humans.

Knowledge Management: Journal