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Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Growth and Yield of Two Lines of Garlic Under Dry Land Condition

Md. Shamsul Alam
Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Institute of nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Sadia Afrin
VDB Project, Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Institute of nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Sima Panahi Rad
Department of Horticulture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Md. Abdur Rahim
Department of Horticulture, BAU, Mymensingh, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was undertaken by the problem of late-planted garlic in Bangladesh and similar tropical regions where production is only possible during the short cool winter period after which rapid increase in temperature, as well as humidity, adversely affect the growth. An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of different levels of nitrogen and potassium on the growth and yield of two lines of garlic under dryland conditions at BAU, Mymensingh in order to develop suitable variety (ies) and optimum doses of N and K to get high yield and to overcome the stated adverse situation. The present research was carried out at the Alliums field laboratory, Horticulture Farm, and laboratory of the BAU-Germplasm Centre, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from 2016-2017). The 3-factor experiment had 4 levels of nitrogen (Factor A), 4 levels of potassium (Factor B) and 2 garlic lines (Factor C) as follows –Factor A: 4 levels of nitrogen N₀ : 0 kg N/ha (urea : 0 kg/ha; 0 g/plot); N₁ : 75 kg N/ha (urea : 166.66 kg/ha; 24 g/plot); N₂ : 125 kg N/ha (urea : 277.77 kg/ha; 41.66 g/plot);N₃ : 175 kg N/ha (urea : 388.88 kg/ha; 58.33 g/plot); Factor B: 4 levels of Potassium (K₂O at 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg/ha) ;K₀ : 0 kg K₂O/ha (M.P : 0 kg/ha; 0 g/plot); K₁ : 50 kg K₂O/ha (MP : 83.33 kg/ha; 12.49 g/plot); K₂ : 100 kg K₂O/ha (MP : 166.66 kg/ha; 20 g/plot); K₃ : 200 kg K₂O/ha (MP : 333.33 kg/ha; 40 g/plot) and Factor C: 2 Garlic lines: G₂ and G₁₉. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications using 20cm×10cm plant spacing. The size of a unit plot was 1.5m×1m accommodating 96 plots. The total number of plants per plot was 75. The planting date of the lines was 9 Nov. 2016, and the harvesting date was 28^th March, 2017The three-factor experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Unit plot size: 1.5m × 1m, Plant spacing: 20 cm × 10 cm; Total number of treatments: 4×4×2=32; Total number of unit plots: 32×3 = 96; Total number of plants per plot = 75, Date of planting: 9 Nov.2016 and Date of harvesting: 28 March 2017. The results revealed that the plant height, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight of bulb, length, and diameter of the bulb, the total number of cloves, yield per plot, and yield per hectare were significantly influenced by the treatment of the experiment under study. Results showed that Garlic line G₁₉ produced the highest yield in all the studied parameters under dryland conditions. The highest yield was recorded from the maximum dose of nitrogen (175 kg/ha). Potassium also showed a good effect on yield, and the maximum yield was obtained from the maximum dose of potassium (200 kg/ha). There was a significant interaction effect of garlic lines, different doses of nitrogen, and potassium on bulb yield per plot as well as per hectare. The maximum yield per plot (2.74 kg/plot) and per hectare yield (18.25 t/ha) was recorded from garlic line G₁₉ x 175 kg N/ha x 200 kg K₂O/ha and the minimum (1.70 kg/plot) and (11.31 t/ha) from garlic line G₂ x 0 kg N/ha x 0 kg K₂O/ha respectively.

Keywords: Dry land, Garlic, Growth, Nitrogen, Potassium, Yield

Location: Allium Field Laboratory, Horticulture Farm, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh; Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA).

Start Date: 00-10-2016

End Date: 00-04-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Nitrogen, Potash, Garlic

Objectives:

Objectives: ii) to develop garlic varieties through selection and ii) to find out the optimum doses of N and K for the developed garlic varieties.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out from October 2016 to April 2017 at the Allium Field Laboratory, Horticulture Farm, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and laboratory of horticulture division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA). The three-factor experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The 3-factor experiment had 4 levels of nitrogen (Factor A), 4 levels of potassium (Factor B), and 2 garlic lines (Factor C) as follows- Factor A: 4 levels of nitrogen N₀ : 0 kg N/ha (urea : 0 kg/ha; 0 g/plot); N₁ : 75 kg N/ha (urea : 166.66 kg/ha; 24 g/plot); N₂ : 125 kg N/ha (urea : 277.77 kg/ha; 41.66 g/plot);N₃ : 175 kg N/ha (urea : 388.88 kg/ha; 58.33 g/plot); Factor B: 4 levels of Potassium (K₂O at 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg/ha) ;K₀ : 0 kg K₂O/ha (M.P : 0 kg/ha; 0 g/plot); K₁ : 50 kg K₂O/ha (MP : 83.33 kg/ha; 12.49 g/plot); K₂ : 100 kg K₂O/ha (MP : 166.66 kg/ha; 20 g/plot); K₃ : 200 kg K₂O/ha (MP : 333.33 kg/ha; 40 g/plot) and Factor C: 2 Garlic lines: G₂ and G_19.Plant spacing: 20 cm × 10 cm; unit plot size: 1.5m×1m; Total number of treatments: 4×4×2=32; Total number of unit plots: 32×3 = 96; Total number of plants per plot = 75, Date of planting: 9 Nov.2016 and Date of harvesting: 28 March, 2017. Fertilizer dozes: The entire amount of cowdung and TSP at the rates of 5 tons and 267 kg/ha, respectively, were applied as basal doses during land preparation to all plots irrespective of nitrogen and potassium doses. Urea and muriate of potash (MP) were used as the source of nitrogen and potassium, respectively. One-third of the doses of urea and MP as per treatment were added to the soil at the time of final land preparation 7 days before planting. Rest 2/3 urea and 2/3 MP, as per treatment, were top dressed in three equal installments at 25, 50, and 75 days after planting of cloves. The garlic lines were collected from the Alliums project of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. The following data (height of plant, number of leaves per plant, fresh weight of leaves per plant, fresh weight of bulb, fresh weight of roots per plant, dry weight of leaves per plant, dry weight of bulb, dry weight of roots per plant, diameter of bulb, length of bulb, no. of cloves per bulb, yield of bulb per plot, yield of bulb per hectare) on physio-morphological growth parameters at 30 days interval after planting as well as on yield were recorded and continued up to final harvest. The means for all treatments were calculated and the analyses of variances for all the characters under consideration were performed by the 'F' variance test. The significance of the difference between pairs of means was performed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test-taking 5% probability level as the minimum unit of significance (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2019, 6(1):19-30

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering the findings of the experiments under study, the following practices may be recommended for the production of line G₁₉and garlic line G₂ in Bangladesh: The optimum doses of nitrogen and potassium for garlic production are 175 kg N/ha and 200 kg K₂O/ha, respectively; however, further investigation is necessary to same experiments.

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