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Nutritive Evaluation of Some Tree Leaves from Bangladesh for Feeding Ruminant Animals

M J KHAN
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

W DROCHNER
Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 705 99

H STEINGASS
Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 705 99

K M S ISLAM
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Potential nutritive value of 10 species of tree leaves (Streblus asper, Ficus infectoria, MOrLlS alba, Mang~fera indica, Erythrina indica, Albizia spp, Artocalpus integrifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Zizyphus nzauritiarza and Sesbania sesban) of Bangladesh was studied. Chemical conlposition, fractions, mineral concentration, mnino acid contents, in vitro organic matter digestibility and energy values showed a wide variation among the species. Crude protein (CP) ranged froll1 8.5 to 23.9%, and M. alba showed the highest and M. indica the lowest. CP, EE, NFE, ash and CF were 26.2,2.2,48.5,9.1 and 13.70/0 respectively. The CF fractions, viz. NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose and hemicellulose were 55.1, 43.3,15.9,25.7 and 11.8% respectively. Mineral concentration varied among species but all leaves were rich in Ca and P and moderate in K, Fe and Co. M. indica was inferior in CP but there was very little variation in individual and total amino acid contents. Organic matter digestibility ranged 41.2 to 76.90/0 with 53.4% digestibility. All the leaves \vere quite rich in gross and metabolizable energy (ME) but poor in net energy for lactation. In conclusion the tree leaves, especially M. alba, S. sesban, L. leucocephala and S. asper have the great potential to be used as feed for livestock considering nutritive points of view.

Keywords: Digestibility, Energy, Gas production, Nutrient composition, Tree leaves

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fodder

Objectives:

Therefore, evaluation of the nutritive value of naturally occurring tree leaves, which are commonly used as feed resources, would be important to enhance their utilization. So, present research evaluated the nutritive value of 10 commonly available tree leaves of Bangladesh to underscore their suitability as feed for ruminant

Methodology:

Collection of tree leaves Mature leaves from 10 tree species (Streblus asper, Ficus infectoria, Morus alba, Mangifera indica, Erythrina indica, Albizia spp, Artocalpus integr (f'olia, Leucaena leucocephala, Zizyphus lnauritiana and Sesbania sesban) comn1only fed to ruminants were collected from different areas of Bangladesh. Samples were collected by handpicking from randomly selected trees of each species and were allowed to dry under the shed for 5 days. Immediately after collection a portion of each sample was cut into pieces (2 to 4 cm) and placed into the oven at 102°C for the determination of DM of fresh leaves. The rest samples were also cut into pieces and then polled and oven-dried at 60°C for 48 h. Samples were thoroughly mixed and ground in a hammer lnill to pass a 1 mm screen to determine the proximate components, mineral matter and in vitro gas production. Subsamples were ground using 0.5 mm screen for the analysis of amino acids.

Chemical analysis Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (BE) and ash content of leaves were determined according to AOAC (1990). Fibre fractions like acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents were analyzed using the Van Soest et al. (1991) procedure. Cellulose and hemicellulose contents were calculated as the difference between ADF and ADL as well as NDF and ADF respectively (Church 1975). Gross energy content was measured with an adiabatic b0111b calorimeter (IKA.-C400). Leaves were vet and dry ashed for analysis of unilateral and trace elements. Dry ashing was done at SOOae for 8 h. For \vet ashing, samples were Inixed lith perchloric acid for 24 h and subsequently digested for 4 h to detect Mnivlg, eu and Fe by using an atomic absorption spectrophotoll1eter (Naulnann and Bassler 1976). Duplicate samples were hydrolyzed "with 6N Hel in sealed ampoules at 11aoe for 24 h to determine the amino acid. After hydrolyzing the sample was evaporated to ren10ve excess heat and residue 'Nels re-dissolved with 10 Inc of O.2N sodium citrate buffer (pH 2.2). Quantification of c: union acid hydrolyzates \vas by amino acid analyzer equipped for automatic sample injection (Beck et al. 1978). Methionine and cystine were determined after oxidation to n1ethionine sulphone and cystic acid, respectively. The results were expressed as g/100g protein.

In vitro gas production Salnples were incubated in vitro with rumen fluid in calibrated glass syringes for digestible Organic Matter (OM) and ME following the procedure of Menke and Steingass (1988).

Source of Information: Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 78 (11): 1273-77, November 2008

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering the nutritional value as discussed above, it may be recommended to use M. alba, S. sesban, L. leucocephala and S. asper as feed for ruminant animals. But, it would be under consideration to study on the effect on growth and productive performances of animals due to their feeding.

Knowledge Management: Journal