Ananta Sarker
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.
A. B. M. Shafiul Alam
Senior Scientific Officer
Adaptive Research and Extension Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Khagrachari.
Md. Sefaur Rahman
Senior Scientific Officer
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Noakhali.
Md. Al-Arafat Topu
Scientific Officer
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh.
Muhammad Aslam Ali
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.
Salma Sarker
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka.
Organic & inorganic fertilizer, Methane (CH4) emission, Rice production, BRRI Dhan 28
Effects of Organic Amendments on Methane Emission and Yield of Rice
Crop-Soil-Water Management
The experimental site was located at 24.75° N Latitude and 90.50° E Longitude at an elevation of 18m above sea level, 6 Km to the south of Mymensingh town, and 115 Km to the north of Dhaka under the Old Brahmaputra flood plain (Agro-Ecological Zone-9). The soil of the experimental field belongs to the sonatola soil series of non-calcareous dark grey flood plain soil under the Old Brahmaputra Alluvial Tract which is more or less neutral in reaction with a 1.65% organic matter content and pH value of 6.5. The experimental field was a medium-high land and well-drained condition. The morphological and physio-chemical properties of the soil of the site have been obtained. The experimental area was under a subtropical climate characterized by moderately high temperature and heavy rainfall during the Kharif season (April-September) and scanty rainfall with moderately low temperature during Rabi season (October- March). Monthly meteorological data recorded in weather yard, Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the study period from January to May 2010. BRRI dhan-28 was used as the test crop. This variety was developed by BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) and is recommended as high yielding cultivar during Boro season. The field duration of BRRI dhan-28 is 110-120. The treatments included organic and inorganic materials and are indicated as T1: Urea (220 Kg ha- 1) only (no organic amendments), T2: Urea (220 Kg ha-1) + rice straw compost (2 t ha-1), T3: Urea (220 Kg ha-1) + Charcoal (1 t ha-1), T4: Urea (220 Kg ha-1) + CaSiO3 (100 Kg ha-1), T5: Urea (220 Kg ha-1) + rice straw compost (2 t ha-1) + CaSiO3 (100 Kg ha-1), T6: Urea (220 Kg ha-1) + Charcoal (1 t ha- 1) + CaSiO3 (100 Kg ha-1). The experimental was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental field was divided into three blocks to represent the replication. Each block was divided into 6 plots with raised bunds to accommodate the treatment combinations. Thus the total number of unit plots ware 18. The area of each plot was 10 square meters (4 m × 2.5 m). The treatment combinations were randomly distributed to unit plots. Seeds of BRRI dhan-28 were collected from the Agronomy field laboratory Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Sprouted seeds were sown in the well-prepared wet nursery. The experimental field was opened by a tractor and subsequently ploughed and cross plough three times followed by laddering to obtain the desirable tilth. The land was cleaned by removing weeds, stubbles, and crop residues. Fertilizers were applied at the following doses- Rice straw compost-3 t ha-1, Charcoal-1 t ha-1, and CaSiO3-100 Kg ha-1, respectively in all plots. At the time of final land preparation, nitrogenous fertilizer in form of urea (prilled or gooti) was applied as basal doze, and the rest of the urea was applied in two equal splits at 30 DAT and 60 DAT. But all other fertilizers such as T.S.P (110 kg ha-1), M.O.P (70 kg ha-1), and gypsum (45 kg ha-1) were applied as per respective doses in two equal splits at the land preparation time and 30 DAT. Nursery beds were made wet by application of water both in the morning and evening on the day before uprooting the seedlings. Seedlings were uprooted carefully early in the morning and transplanted in rows in the main field at the three seedlings per hill with 25 cm × 25 cm row and hill spacing. Flooding and drainage, bund repairing, and weeding were done regularly and for plant protection measures Koratral was used at the rate of 9.88 Kg ha-1 at 35 DAT. Sampling was done at the scheduled time and the harvested crop of each plot was separately bundled, tagged, and brought to the threshing floor. The grains were threshed, cleaned, sun-dried, and weighed to record the grain yield. The grain yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content. Straw was sun-dried and weighed to record the straw yield. Five plants were randomly selected from each plot prior to harvesting for the collection of data on plant characters. Data were collected on the following parameters: Plant height, Total number of tillers hill-1, Number of panicle hill-1, Number of Grains panicle-1, Percentage of ripened grains, the weight of 1000- grain, grain yield, straw yield, Harvest index. Soil redox potential (Eh) and pH were measured every week interval by Eh meter (PRN-41, DKK- TOA Corporation) and pH meter (Orion 3 star, Thermo electron corporation) respectively, during the rice cultivation. Gas samples were collected by using the closed-chamber method during rice cultivation. The dimensions of the close chamber were 62 cm × 62 cm × ll2 cm. Two chambers were installed in each experimental plot. A gas sample was collected two times (11.00 am- 2.00 pm) a day per week to get the average CH4 emissions during the cropping season. A gas sample was collected in 50 ml gas-tight syringes at 0 and 30 minutes intervals after chamber placement over the rice planted plot. The samples were analyzed for CH4 by using a gas chromatograph (Varian star 3400, USA) equipped with an FID (Flame Ionization Detector). The analysis column used a stainless steel column packed with Porapak NQ (Q 80-100 mess). The temperatures of column, injector, and detector were adjusted at 100º C, 200º C, and 200º C respectively. Data on the plant characteristics and methane emission were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique with the help of the computer package program MSTATC and mean differences were adjusted by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).
International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2020, 7(2): 61-69
Journal