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Presence of Antibiotic Residue and Residual Effect of Tylosin Tartrate in Broiler

Dolan Das
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Shafiqul Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Firoj Alom
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

Mst. Shumiya Khatun
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Ashraf Zaman Faruk
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was designed with the aim to determine the impact of residual antibiotics on poultry muscle (breast and thigh), kidney, spleen, fat, and liver and the effects of discriminate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics on haematological constituents in broiler chickens. The chickens were properly reared and on the day of 16, chicks were randomly divided into three groups namely control group (group A), discriminate antibiotic group (group B), and indiscriminate antibiotic group (group C). In the case of the discriminate group, the chicks were treated with antibiotics followed by a withdrawal period of one week before the sacrifice of the birds. On the other hand, an indiscriminate group of the chicks was continued without giving any withdrawal period and birds were sacrificed for sampling. The Thin Layer Chromatography method was used for screening and detection of tylosin tartrate residues in poultry tissues. The samples were extracted with trichloroacetic acid (30%), diethyl ether, followed by detection inpre-coated thin layer chromatography paper on the ultraviolet detector. In the case of group B, the residue of tylosin was 100% in livers, 83.33% in kidneys, 0% in thigh muscles, and 16.67% in breast muscles, 33.33% in fat, and 16.67% in the spleen. In the case of group C, the residues of tylosin were 100% in livers, 100% in kidneys, 0% in thigh muscles, and 33.33%in breast muscles, 50% in fat, and 33.34% in the spleen. Among the poultry tissues, the liver and kidney had the highest level of antibiotic residues in comparison to other samples. Tylosin antibiotic showed some changes in hematological parameters of broiler. The Hb and TEC content were significantly decreased on 31^stday of tylosin treatment at recommended dose compared to the untreated control. But percent PCV was slightly decreased. There was significantly increased live weight gain of broiler from day 16^th to day 28^th compare to untreated control. However, there was no significant difference among the groups in gaining live weight on 31^st day. The study concluded that once antibiotics are administered to broiler, antibiotic residues are present in high or low concentrations in their products which mainly depend on the duration of the administration of antibiotics. After the administration of antibiotics, the concentration of their residues gradually reduces in meat & other meat products and mostly after 4-5 days of administration excretion of residues is negligible.

Keywords: Antibiotic residue, Residual effect, Tylosin tartrate, Broiler

Location: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Broiler

Objectives:

To determine the impact of residual antibiotics on poultry muscle (breast and thigh), kidney, spleen, fat and liver and effects of discriminate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics on haematological constituents in broiler chickens.

Methodology:

The birds were reared in isolated poultry shed, belonging to the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Firstly, the shed was thoroughly washed by sweeping and washing with tap water. The room was disinfected with a phenolic disinfectant (phenyl) and allowed to dry leaving the roof, unused with the electric fan and the bulb switched on. Eighteen apparently healthy day-old broiler chicks were purchased from CP Hatchery Ltd. The chicks were already vaccinated with Marek’s disease vaccine in the hatchery. All chicks were brooded in the same brooder up to 7 days of age under strict management. Vitamin and electrolyte (Glucose) were administered to the birds daily mixing with water. BCRDV (Newcastle L-36) and Gumburo vaccine was given to all chicks in the eye (one drop) at 7 and 12 days, respectively. Broiler starter mash and broiler Grower pellet were obtained from Quality Feeds Ltd. The birds were given adlibitum feed for 7 days. Then feed was given twice daily in the morning & evening. Clean & cold water was provided adlibitum. Antibiotic tylosin 20% was obtained as a powder from Eskayef Bangladesh Limited. Chicks were randomly divided on the first day of age into three groups each having six birds. Group A was kept as untreated control received non-medicated water. Group B was administered with tylosin at recommended therapeutic dose @2.5 g /1L drinking water for seven consecutive days from 16^th to 22^nd day of age and considered as a discriminate antibiotic group. Group C was administered with tylosin at recommended therapeutic dose @2.5g/1L drinking water for fourteen consecutive days from 16^th to 31^st day of age and considered as an indiscriminate antibiotic group. In the case of a discriminate group, the chicks were treated with antibiotics followed by a withdrawal period of one week before the sacrifice of the birds. On the other hand, an indiscriminate group of the chicks was continued without giving any withdrawal period and birds were sacrificed. Birds have received their freshly prepared daily medication in the morning hour of each day. The concentration of tylosin in the water provided per kilogram of body weight was calculated by determining the water consumption and body weight of each bird on the day of medication. Drinking water was free from pesticides, heavy metals, and coliform count. Drinking water medication was used in this study since this method is usually practiced in field conditions in Bangladesh. The weights of every bird were taken individually in the morning and the results were recorded. The antibiotic (Tylosin tartrate 200) was prepared by dissolving 0.1 g of powder per 0.1 ml of solution in 4 ml of methanol. Blood samples were collected from wing veins into sterile heparinized vials and test tubes from all groups (Control, discriminate & indiscriminate). Blood smears were prepared simultaneously at the time of blood collection and used for differential leukocyte count. For a collection of edible tissue samples at the end of the experiment, all birds from the corresponding treatment and control group were sacrificed ethically. Liver, kidney, breast muscle, thigh muscle, fat, and spleen samples were collected and stored at -20^oC until analysis. Thin-layer chromatography was used to separate and recognize components in a mixture according to the protocol described by Poppelka et al. (2005). Briefly, 4 gm of the sample (Liver/ Kidney/ Thigh muscle/ Breast muscle/fat/Spleen) was cut into small pieces and grinded by using mortar & pestle. 10 ml of PBS was added & mixed homogenously by vortex machine. Precipitation was performed by 2 ml of 30% TCA. The mixture was then centrifuged @ 60000 rpm for 20 minutes. The supernatant was collected in another falcon tube. The same amount of Diethyl ether was added and left for 10 mins at room temperature. The bottom layer was collected into a screw cap vial with proper care and kept in the refrigerator for further advanced analysis.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2020, 7(2): 29-35

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3946801

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study concluded that once antibiotics are administered to the animal bodies, antibiotic residues are present in high or low concentrations in their products. However, it mainly depends on the duration of the administration of antibiotics. After the administration of antibiotic, the concentration of their residues gradually reduces in meat & other meat products, and mostly after 4-5 days of administration excretion of residues are negligible. Residues of antibiotics have been detected in chicken meat by various investigators in several countries. The antibiotics were identified on the basis of their retention times (RTs) as compared to the standards and by adding known quantities of the standards to the sample and re-chromatography which showed complete overlap of analyte peaks. Hence, the withdrawal time of different drugs should be strictly followed and during this period meat and other animal products like liver, spleen, fat, and kidney should not be used for human consumption. The use of antibiotics as growth promoters should be strictly prohibited and whenever they are used for therapeutic purposes must be used in proper doses and for the proper time. Thus, by observing proper scientific guidelines and precautions we can minimize the harmful effects of antibiotic residues.

Knowledge Management: Journal