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Ecological Assessment of Fish Culture Water Bodies Around Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Pronob Kumar Mozumder*
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Habiba Sultana
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Bipul Chandra Biswas
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Md. Abdur Rob Mollah
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted during the period November, 2014 - June, 2015 in two urban fish culture pond, at Kalshi and Namapara area of Dhaka city. These ponds are connected to Baunia canal. Water samples were collected seasonally for water quality and zooplankton analyses. Except DO all other measured water quality parameters (pH, TDS, TSS, total ammonia-N, total nitrite N, total nitrate-N, total phosphate, total sulphate, alkalinity and hardness) were found higher in water. A total of 10 heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Al, As, Cu, Na, Mn and Cr) were measured for determining its concentrations in waters in two seasons. A total of 10 zooplankton species were recorded at Kalshi during the study period and on an average, the density of zooplankton in dry season and in wet season were estimated to be 1386 indiv./L and 244 indiv./L respectively. On the other hand, a total of 19 zooplankton species were identified from Namapara water body and on an average, the density of zooplankton in dry season and in wet season were estimated to be 1760 indiv/L and 343 indiv./L respectively. Bacteriological analysis included the total plate count (TPC), total coliform (TC) and total faecal coliform (TFC) counts in waters, both in wet and dry seasons. In general, water qualities of the studied fish culture water bodies are highly deviated from the permissible standard levels of Environment conservation rules, 1997 and unsuitable for fish culture from fish health point of view. The measured high levels of metals in waters are likely to bioaccumulate in fish body. High abundance of bacterial flora in fish culture waters is also likely to be associated with fish health and may cause enteric diseases. Therefore, fish culture in these urban water bodies is likely pose potential health risks for human through consuming these fishes.

Keywords: Zooplankton, Heavy metal, Bacteriological.

Location: Two urban fish culture pond, at Kalshi and Namapara area of Dhaka city.

Start Date: 00-11-2014

End Date: 00-06-2015

Program Area: Comparative study

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to assess the water qualities, composition and abundance of zooplankton and bacterial and heavy metal contamination of fish culture waters.

Methodology:

This study was carried out during the period of November, 2014 to June, 2015 in two selected sites within the Dhaka Metropolitan city, namely the Kalshi area and the Namapara near the Dhaka Cantonment area.

Water Sampling and Analysis for Physico-chemical parameters: The samples were collected from 3 selected spots of each selected water body in duplicate. Water samples were taken from 6 inches beneath the water surface of each sampling spot between 9-12 am on each sampling day using sampling bottles. Some water parameters were analyzed onsite. Requisite amount of water samples were transported to laboratory in cool box for analyzing the rest of the water parameters. Samples were collected following standard methods. Physico-chemical parameters of water were analyzed in the laboratory by following HACH standard methods.

Collection of samples for zooplankton study: For zooplankton sample collection, 50 liters of water was filtered successively through 64 μm mesh nylon nets (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA), and 20 ml of the concentrates zooplankton sample was collected initially as a crude measure of zooplankton. The collected zooplankton samples were fixed in 5% buffer formaldehyde solution. For qualitative and quantitative study, zooplankton samples were examined under a compound microscope (Olympus, Model-CH30RF200, Japan) in a Sedge wick? Rafter cell. Quantitative analysis was followed by the total count method of Welch (1948). Identification was made following Ward & Whipple (1959), Tonapi (1960), Mellanby (1975), Bhouyain and Asmat (1992) and Ali and Chakrabarty (1992).

Microbiological Analysis: Water samples were collected in plastic bottles sterilized with alcohol. Nutrient agar (NA), Mac Conkey agar and MFC agar medium were used for the enumeration of the Total plate count (C.F.U/ml), Total coliform (C.F.U/ml) and Total Faecal coliform (C.F.U/ml) of the sample water respectively. Spread plate technique (Sharp and Lyles, 1969) were used for the enumeration and isolation of bacteria (APHA 1998). The Nutrient agar and Mac Conkey agar medium (inoculated plates) were incubated at 37° C and MFC inoculated plate was incubated at 44.50C for 24 hrs in an incubator (Memmert, Germany). After 24 hrs of incubation the plates having discrete colonies were counted by back calculation method. Heavy metal analysis: Samples were collected in 1L bottles. 2-3 drops HNO3 were added in the samples for acidification. Then samples were analyzed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) method (Model- SpectrAA 220FS).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 49 (2): 267-276, 2021 ISSN: 0304-9027 eISSN: 2408-8455

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v49i2.56263

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The assessment shows that the waters of the fish culture system are unsuitable for irrigation, fish culture and recreational purposes, when compared with the country standards. All the heavy metals are toxic to fish and human at higher concentrations. These heavy metals bioaccumulate in animal tissues and likely to be in fish tissue culture in this water and thus affect the human health when consumed. In spite of the unsuitable water quality for life forms, zooplankton community was present in appreciable numbers, indicating that the waters are fertile. The increased number of zooplankton in waters is indicative of the presence of high content of organic matters. The bacteriological study showed high level of bacterial contamination of culture system water and likely to be associated with fish body, and thus may cause enteric diseases when consumed by human. It is concluded that the water bodies are highly polluted and consumption of fish that were cultured in these waters is very likely to pose health risks.

Knowledge Management: Journal