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Seasonal Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Horse (equus Ferus Caballus) from Dhaka City Bangladesh

Hamida Khanum
Parasitology Branch, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Sharmin Musa*
Parasitology Branch, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Rimi Farhana
Parasitology Branch, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Zaman Fahmida Sarkar
Parasitology Branch, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Rawshan Ara Mitu
Parasitology Branch, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to understand the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in horse during June, 2017 to April, 2018 from Bangladesh National Zoo, Puran Dhaka and Rajarbagh Police Line of Dhaka city. A total of 48 faecal samples were collected from horses and examined by Direct Smearing technique and Formol Ether Concentration technique. Out of 48 samples 47 found positive for gastrointestinal parasitic infection with an overall prevalence of 97.92 %. Highest prevalence was identified (77.1 %) in Parascaris equorum, followed by 70.8 % in Hymenolepis nana, 62.5 % in Isospora sp., 50 % in Ancylostoma duodenale, 39.6 % in Toxocara sp., 35.4 % in Entamoeba sp., 25 % in Trichuris sp., 20.8 % in Fasciola hepatica 16.67 % in Capillaria sp., 8.3 % in Taenia sp. and Opisthorchis sinensis, 4.2 % in Moniezia benedeni and Thysaniezia sp. Highest intensity (72.97± 46.32) was found for Isospora sp. The p value was 0.01, p < 0.05 so the prevalence rate was statistically significant.A significant difference was founded in prevalence between male and female horse where females were highly infected and also seasonal variation showed significant differences. Highest prevalence was recorded in winter and Rainy season (100 %) followed by summer (95 %). The intensity of parasites was highest in rainy season (63.38 ±79.94) followed by summer (55.47 ±29.73) and winter (49.5 ±28.58).

Keywords: Occurrence, Gastrointestinal parasites, Horse, Seasons.

Location: Bangladesh National Zoo, Puran Dhaka and Rajarbagh Police Line of Dhaka city

Start Date: 00-06-2017

End Date: 00-04-2018

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Parasite, Horse

Objectives:

Of all the domestic livestock in Bangladesh, Prevalence and type of internal parasites affecting horses have not been determined to a great extent in Bangladesh though the prevalence and type of internal parasites affecting horses are highest of all domestic livestock and being continually exposed throughout their lives.

Methodology:

The present study was done to investigate seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in horse. Examination of faecal samples were done in Parasitology Laboratory, Dept. of Zoology, University of Dhaka. The study was conducted during the period of June, 2017 to April, 2018. This study was divided into three seasons in spite of being six seasons in Bangladesh. Some seasons are short and continue with the other seasons (Banglapedia). A total of 48 faecal samples were collected from horse of three regions in Dhaka city. Out of 48 samples 8 samples were collected from Bangladesh National Zoo, 20 samples from Old Dhaka and 20 samples from Rajarbagh Police Line. These places were chosen because these are the locations where horses are kept for different purposes. Old Dhaka for transportation purposes, Police line for professional purposes and zoo for recreational purposes. These three places also has different kind of environment. Old Dhaka where horses are kept has an unhygienic environment and horse are kept in nonscientific way, while in zoo and pilice line horses are kept in captive protective scientific way. During sample collection the selected horses have been properly examined to collect different information related to the parasites. Age, sex, season were recorded carefully at the time of sample collection. The age of the selected horses was in between 4-18 years old in this study. Age of the selected horses was categorized into following three groups-: 4 year- 8 year, 9 year- 13 year and 14 year- 18 year. Age of the horses was confirmed by the keepers.

The faecal sample was collected randomly from the fields in the morning. Most animals defeacate in early morning after eating the previous day. Morning collection of fresh sample is also convenient to perform formol ether concentration technique to identify parasite eggs. Horses are herbivorous and all our study population ate grass and plants irrespective of their location. The c The collected samples were preserved according to age, sex and season. The faecal samples were preserved in 10% formalin during collection and then kept in 4°C in laboratory. For the detection of parasites egg and ova, Formol Ether Concentration technique was applied (Cheesebrough 1987). The eggs of different helminthes were identified by using compound (10X) microscope. The 40X objective was also used to confirm ova and larvae (non-motile) and cysts. Eggs, ova and larvae observed under the microscope were identified following the descriptions and pictures of Chatterjee (1975), Cheng (1997), Soulsby (1982), Scimidth and Roberts (1989). Terminology was used ccording to Margolis et al. (1982) and Bush et al. (1997).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 49 (2): 301-319, 2021 ISSN: 0304-9027 eISSN: 2408-8455

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v49i2.56266

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Although horse is not considered an important livestock animal in terms of monitory benefit in Bangladesh, however parasite infestation can be a source of transmission to other livestock animals as they may share the same pasture. Captive breeding and handling of horses in captive environment should focus on cleanliness and hygiene practice of handlers because the parasites of horses can have zoonotic importance. Control measures like antihelminth drug therapy in zoos and other horse rearing farms should be implemented.

Knowledge Management: Journal