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Effects of Aluminium Toxicity on Root and Shoot Growth of Rice and Chickpea Seedlings

RIFAT SAMAD*
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

PARVEEN RASHID
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

JL KARMOKER
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Increasing concentrations of aluminium progressively declined primary root length and number of lateral roots in rice and chickpea seedlings grown in rhizobox. It also inhibited the root and shoot length, dry weight of root and shoot of rice and chickpea seedlings grown in solution culture. On the other hand, it enhanced shoot/root length ratio and dry weight ratio for both the genera.

Keywords: Aluminium toxicity, Growth, Rhizobox, Rice, Chickpea

Location: Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Toxicity, Rice, Chickpea

Objectives:

Rice and chickpea were used as plant materials because reports on the effects of aluminium toxicity on root elongation and plant growth of these two genera are rare. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the influence of aluminium3+ stress on root elongation, number of lateral roots, root and shoot growth of rice and chickpea grown in rhizobox and solution culture.

Methodology:

Rice (Oryza sativa L. var. BRRI Dhan-53) seeds were obtained from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) and that of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. var. BARI Chhola-7) from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), respectively.

In order to study the root elongation and number of lateral roots starting from germination of seeds, rice and chickpea seedlings were raised in rhizobox (Plates 1 and 2) as described by Marschner and Römheld (1983). Surface sterilized rice and chickpea seeds were germinated on moist filter paper placed in Petridish at a temperature of 30 ± 1°C and 25 ± 1°C, respectively. The sprouting was considered as the zero hour of age of the seedling. A one-day-old seedling was placed in the rhizobox filled with quartz sand where the radical was in the sand while the plumule was protruding outside through the hole in rhizobox.

The sand of three rhizoboxes with seedlings were moistened with half strength Hoagland solution (Hoagland and Arnon 1950) which was used as control (pH 4.2) and other nine rhizoboxes were moistened with 50, 100 and 150 µM AlCl3 solution (pH 4.2). The length and number of lateral roots traced in the tracing paper was measured and recorded from the 1st to 5th day of germination.

Surface sterilized rice and chikpea seeds were germinated in half strength Hoagland solution for 48 hrs. Then the germinated seeds were transferred to light bank. Rice seedlings were grown at a day/night temperature of 30^oC ± 1 oC/25^oC ± 1 ^oC and day/night length of 14/10 hrs. Chickpea seedlings were grown at a day/night temperature of 25^oC ± 1 ^oC/18^oC ± 1^oC and day/night length of 10 h/14 hrs. Light intensity was 160 µ-einstein m-2 s -1. The solution was replenished every 48 hrs. The solution was continuously aerated through bubbler with the help of air compressor (Hoagland and Arnon 1950). Seven-day-old seedlings were transferred to half strength Hoagland solution (control) and 10, 50, 100 and 150 µM AlCl3 solution made in half strength Hoagland solution. The pH of all solutions including control were adjusted to 4.2 with 0.2N H2SO4. Length of root and shoot of the seedlings were measured in cm with a scale at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs of aluminium treatment.

The root and shoot samples were collected and dried in an oven at 75^oC for 72 hrs to a constant weight. Dry weights of the samples were recorded with an electronic balance. Data obtained in this investigation was analyzed statistically.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1195-1201, 2021 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i4.57089

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In chickpea, the maximum stimulation of shoot/root dry weight ratio was observed following 150 µM Al treatment which ranged from 6.3 to 12.4% over a exposure period of 96 hrs. Similarly, Al decreased the dry weight of cultured cells of tobacco. On the contrary, Symeonidis et al. (2004) found that Al increased the dry weight of melon (Cucumis melo).

Aluminium stress induced decrease in primary root length and number of lateral roots in rice and chickpea seedlings and inhibition of long term root growth cause a decrease in root surface area. The decrease in root surface area would lead to a decrease in absorption of ions.

Knowledge Management: Journal