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Microbiological Quality Analysis of Domestic Water Collected from the Slum Area’s People in Dhaka City

Ifra Tun Nur*
Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51 Siddeswari Road, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh

Rakhi Baishnab
Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51 Siddeswari Road, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh

Niger Sultana Tethee
Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51 Siddeswari Road, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Over the last few consecutive decades along with urbanization slum population has been raised. But unfortunately unsatisfactory water supply and sanitation systems are the main obstacles of their livelihood and they are suffering from many diseases. So our present study attempted to focus on the existence of pathogenic microorganisms in domestic water used by slum population along with drug resistant pattern of the isolated bacteria. Total 20 samples were collected and processed for microbiological action. Significant numbers of coliform bacteria especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were found within the range of 10 2 to 104 cfu/ml. Conversely almost all samples exhibited fecal contamination except sample 5 and 6. Growth of fungus and other pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp. and Vibrio spp. also found in almost every sample. Total 10 available drugs were used against the identified isolates. Most of the identified bacteria were found to be sensitive against commonly used antibiotics. Resistance was found only against ampicilin, amoxycilin and vancomycin.

Keywords: Microbiological analysis; Domestic water; Hand washed water; Slum area’s people

Location: 20 different slum from Dhaka metropolis

Start Date: 00-04-2017

End Date: 00-05-2017

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Microbiological aspect, Water

Objectives:

In Dhaka city, most of the slums have hanging latrines built over the water bodies which is making the water bodies polluted. When we visited the slum area we came to know that they collect their household water from tap and sometimes they collect rain water. Scarce of drinking water is a problem and contaminated household water causes serious illness as people use this water for cooking, washing utensils and clothes, bathing, washing hand and face and for toilet purpose. Females are especially suffering from urinary tract infection as they said in slum areas. Along these lines, present study was designed to chalk out the existence and multiplication of different pathogenic microorganisms in domestic water along with their resistant properties against antibiotics.

Methodology:

Study area and sampling. Water was collected for testing from 20 different slum from Dhaka metropolis during the time period of April 2017 to May 2017. Samples were collected aseptically in sterile screw capped bottles maintaining in a thermal stabilizing box with a constant temperature of 25^oC, transported to the laboratory within one hour and immediately subjected to microbiological analysis.

Microbiological quality analysis of water samples. An aliquot of 0.1 ml of each sample was introduced on to nutrient agar and sabouraud dextrose agar for the isolation of total viable bacteria count and fungal count. In case of specific gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria same amount of sample water was inoculate on MacConkey agar, TCBS agar, MSA and mFC agar through spread plate technique for the isolation of total viable bacteria coliform (E. coli, Klebsiella spp.), Vibrio spp., ,Staphylococcus spp. and fecal coliform respectively. Plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours excluding mFC agar plates which were incubated at 44.5°C and SDA at 25°C. Presence of green metallic sheen on EMB agar media was further specified the presence of E. coli. For the final identification all isolates were biochemically analyzed by following the standard methods.

Antibiotic susceptibility test of the identified bacteria. The pathogenic isolates were examined for antibiotic susceptibility traits (either drug resistant or sensitive) by disc diffusion assay on Mueller-Hinton agar (Difco, Detroit, MI) against commonly used antibiotics following the standard protocol. Antibiotics used in the study included trimethoprime/sulfamethoxazole (25 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), amoxicillin (30 µg), ceftriaxon (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), streptomycin (10 µg), ampicillin (10 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), cefixime (5 µg), polymixin b (300 units), kanamycine (30 µg), vancomycin (30 µg), gentamycin (10 µg), nalidixic acid (30 µg), azythromycin (15 µg) and penicillin G (10 µg).

Source of Information: Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2017. Vol. 7, Issue 1, p. 19-22 ISSN: 2074-5346 (Print); 2408-8846 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v7i1.40066

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Contaminated water is one of the major route of enteric diseases specially in developing countries people where the opportunities of good sanitary practices and public awareness is limited. In current research, we detected pathogenic bacteria including E. coli and Klebsiella spp. as coliform and also fecal contamination. Some of the samples were found to be contaminated with Staphylococcus spp and Vibrio spp which indicates the necessity of proper awareness of an individual’s about the significant of handwashing before taking any food to ensure health safety. Finally, this sort of surveillance would be suggestive for the public health department of the government to generate more public awareness program and free training for the uneducated and underprivileged people.

Knowledge Management: Journal