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Study on the Economic and Genetic Evaluations of Red Chittagong Cattle for Further Genetic Improvement.

M. K. I. Khan
Professor
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Chittagong Vaterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong.

G. Miah
Assistant Professor
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Chittagong Vaterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong.

M. J. Khatun
Professor
Department of Animal Sciences and Nutrition, Chittagong Vaterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong.

A. Das
Lecturer
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Chittagong Vaterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The pedigree and individual cow is productive, reproductive and economic performance test-day record were collected from community based Red Chittagong cows (RCC) rearing areas of five different Upazila (Satkania, Chandanaish, Anwara, Potia and Raowzan) in the Chittagong district with a designed record sheet for the economic and genetic evaluations of RCC, Local and Holstein x Local crossbred cows. The calculated lactation milk yield from test-day data was compared with the predicted lactation milk yield, obtained by a quadratic polynomial model (Y= a+bx+cx²) to evaluate the current test-day recording. Two fit-statistics (R2 and Root Mean Square Error, Root MSE) values were used to compare the actual lactation milk yield with the predicted lactation milk yield. Profit per cow per year of RCC, Local and Holstein x Local crossbred was estimated using a profit function. The profitability of Holstein x Local was higher than RCC and Local cows for a one year operation. The RCC showed intermediate profit, but in consideration of life-time yield, calving interval and survivability it was found that RCC provided higher profit than the Holstein x Local crossbreeds and Local cows. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) estimated breeding values (EBV’s) was obtained from the multivariate individual animal model by AIREML (AIEQI) analysis based on restricted maximum likelihood (REML) using the average information (AI) matrix as second derivatives in a quasi-Newton procedure. The economic selection index value or total merit of the selection objective of milk production was calculated by the product of breeding values, and the economic values of all the traits. It was found that the (BLUP) estimated breeding values (EBV’s) were different with the traits differences and also with locations. According to the economic selection index or total merit, the individual cow was ranked and the height ranking cows could be selected as a parent for the production of offspring in the next generation.

Keywords: Genotypes, Profitability, Breeding values, Total merit

Location:

Start Date: 01-07- 2009

End Date: 30-06-2010

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

1. To find out the test-day record by fitting a model.

2. To estimates profit local and crossbreeds for comparison of the profit of RCC rearing.

3. To estimates breeding values of different traits in the breeding objectives of RCC.

4. To construct the economic selection index for selecting the parents.

Methodology:

The research project was carried out in the following manner. 1. Study the production, processing and marketing systems of different genotypes: The production, processing and marketing systems of RCC, Local and Holstein x Local crossbred studied. There were 300 RCC farms were considered for the study; In addition, the other two genotypes such as Local and Holstein x Local crossbred data were also recorded. The data were collected with a structured record sheet during the study period through farm visit as a test-day basis. From the recorded data, the averages of all traits for all three genotypes were estimated by using PROC MIXED of SAS and differences between means were performed using the least significant difference test. 2. Predicted lactation milk yield: The calculated lactation milk yield of RCC, Local and Holstein x Local crossbred from test-day data was compared with the predicted lactation milk yield obtained by a quadratic polynomial model. The mathematical notation of the model is shown as: (Y= a+bx+cx²) equation 1, where, Y is milk yield (kg/d); x is days of milk; and a, b and c are parameters that define the shape of the lactation curve. The quadratic polynomial regression, was fitted using PROC MIXED of SAS to estimates their parameters (a, b and c). The goodness-of-fit of predicted values to actual test-day records was indicated by a number of model statistics: coefficient of determination R2 and root mean square error (Root MSE). The values of (R2) and Root MSE were obtained by fitting each predicted test-day milk yield for each cow from quadratic polynomial regression, as a depended variable with model parameters and test-days in milk as independent variables with the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. The predicted lactation milk yield for each cow from the quadratic polynomial regression obtained by including its parameter values in PROC GLM of SAS. 3. Economic evaluations: For the economic evaluations of RCC, Local and Holstein x Local crossbred a deterministic linear programming model, context using Microsoft Excel was used. The main components were incorporated in this model were nutrition, herd structure, purchase of feeds, milk production and sales, stock sales, labour and finances etc. The input and output data were kept in separate spreadsheets and a master spreadsheets was constructed which help to select the required data spreadsheets and a summary spreadsheet was also constructed, which summarizes the output to assist in the interpretation of the results. The economic analysis was done based on average values of marketable products (milk and meat) and the expenses incurred in dairy production. In this study, the profit was derived as the difference between revenue (R) and Costs (C). Profit is expressed through grouping terms by class of cattle and calculating revenue and cost per cow per year. The revenue (R) per cow per year was calculated are shown in equation 1. The inputs for production were feed cost (roughage and concentrate mix) was calculated at 5.5 to 9.5 taka per kg DM and all other operational costs were considered as fixed. The input parameters of RCC, Local and Holstein x Local crossbred were derived from collected data of five Upazillas and are presented in respectively. Therefore, the model reflected all the farming components, which was including only the revenue from the sale of milk and beef; and feed and fixed costs, in calculating the individual cow income. 4. BLUP estimated breeding values for the different traits: Estimated breeding values (EBV’s) was obtained from a univariate/ multivariate analysis by AIREML based on Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) using the average information matrix as second derivatives in a quasi-Newton procedure. The individual animal model is presented in matrix notation. 5. Concentration of economic selection index value or total merit: The economic selection index value of the selection objective of milk production was calculated by the product of breeding values, and the economic values of all the traits.

Source of Information: BLRI. Proceedings of the Annual Research Review Workshop 2009-2010, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Output: In this study, it was seen that the RCC farming community reared RCC and other genotypes under traditional feeding and management conditions and it was showed that dairy farm operation under RCC farming community was profitable. The profitability of farms was differed with the differences of breeds and within breeds the profitability were also differed with locations. From the average profitability of different genotypes the RCC produced intermediate profit than Local and Holstein x Local crossbred in a one year operation. However, in consideration of life time productivity, calving interval and survivability the RCC provided higher profitability than the Holstein x Local and Local cow. The breeding values lactation milk yield, live weight, calving interval and lactation lengths for Red Chittagong cows were varies with the lactation. The economic selection index or total merit index represented the total trait value of an individual and according to the economic selection index or total merit the cows are being ranked and the highest ranking cows could be selected as the best parents for the production of offspring in the next generation. From this study, it can be recommended that the RCC can be reared under the small scale farming in Bangladesh. For more profitability the proper breeding, feeding, healthcare should be provided.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings