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Evaluations of the Performance of Native Chicken and Estimation of Genetic Parameter for Body Weight.

S. Faruque
Poultry Production Research Division.Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

M. M. Rahman
Poultry Production Research Division.Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

M. N. Islam
Poultry Production Research Division.Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, with the objective to compare the performance of Non-descript Desi (ND), Hilly (H) and Naked Neck (NN). For this purpose, required numbers of fertile eggs were collected and incubated. Chicks were obtained from three batches. Data of this study were analyzed by using univariate GLM procedure SPSS 10.0 for Windows computer programme. Variance and covariance components of the body weight traits were estimated using Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) approach by VCE4 computer program. The highest fertility was observed in first hatch of H (97.57%) genotype as compare to other two genotypes. The highest hatchability was found in third hatch of ND (86.38%). The chick weight was influenced (p<0.05) by the egg weight. The average initial body weight of day-old chicks was differed significantly (p<0.001) by genotype while the body weight of chicks at 8 week did not was differ significantly (p<0.05) by genotype. The lowest and highest mean body weight gain per bird were recorded for ND (329.38±3.32g) and NN (351.56±5.08g) genotypes, which indicated that there were an average daily growth rate of 5.88±0.05 and 6.27±0.09 g per bird per day at their 8 weeks growth phases, respectively. Feed consumption from day-old to 8 week was non-significant (p<0.05). There was a non- significant (p<0.05) variation in FCR among the native chicken genotypes. The age at sexual maturity of NN genotypes (151 day) was 5 days earlier than that of H (156 days) in their first hatch. Hen weight at sexual maturity was significantly (p<0.05) by genotype but not affected (p<0.05) by hatch or genotype x hatch interaction. Egg weight at sexual maturity was significantly affected by hatch or genotype x hatch interaction. Egg weight at sexual maturity ranges from 25.8 to 27.1 g. The relationship between daily gain and period of time (weeks) was multiple. NN genotype (4.21%) had significantly (p<0.01) higher chick mortality than ND (1.65%) and H (1.23%) at brooding period (0-4 weeks). Heritability estimates for body weight at hatch were 0.50 ± 0.09, 0.50±0.03 and 0.50±0.48, respectively for ND, H and NN genotypes. Calculated heritability for 12 week body weight of ND, H and NN were 0.16 ± 0.39, 0.50 ± 0.05 and 0.73 ± 0.25, respectively and for 16 week body weight of ND, H and NN were 0.72 ± 0.15, and 0.35 ± 0.15 and 0.35 ± 0.15, respectively. Naked Neck is genetically superior to Non-descript Desi and Hilly in terms of productive and reproductive parameters.

Keywords: Native chicken, Genotypes, Performance, Genetic parameter

Location: BLRI, Savar, Dhaka

Start Date: 01-07- 2009

End Date: 30-06-2010

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

1. Conservation, multiplication and improvement of native chicken.

2. To compare the productive and reproductive performance of three native genotypes under intensive management.

3. To improve the genetic potentiality of indigenous chicken genotypes for important economic traits through generations of pure breeding and

4. To recommend suitable tools/ techniques/ methods for the improvement of native chicken of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at the Research Farm under Poultry Production Research Division (PPRD) of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. BLRI is considering 3 types of native chicken namely Non-descriptive Desi (ND), Hilly (H) and Naked Neck (NN) in ex-situ system. To fulfill the objective number one and two and for conservation and development purpose, required numbers of fertile eggs were collected from existing stock of BLRI. Collected eggs were hatched in PPRD. The population under study arose from the insemination of 173 hens (ND = 110; H = 34; NN = 29) with semen from cocks (ND = 23; H = 12; NN = 5). Hens and cocks were reared under intensive management system. Insemination was done twice a week and semen of each cock was introduced to some hen. Adult birds were allocated in individual cages in an open sided house and diet that contains 17.8% CP and 2808 Kcal ME/kg were provided for adult birds. Chicks were obtained from three hatches, one or two weeks apart from January to March 2010. Pedigree chicks were leg-banded at day old. After 14 days leg-band was pulled out from leg and applied to wings. Birds were vaccinated against diseases according to the vaccination schedule. Body weight were recorded at day of hatching (Day-0) and at, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 6 weeks of age. Birds were weighed individually on an electronic balance, within 0.1 g precision. Some dams either did not lay or had no chicks at hatching and records from chicks that lost their wing bands were not included. Only data on birds having proper identified number (Pedigree and performance) were used to estimate heritability for the considered traits. After data editing, a total of 991 chicks of 32 sires and 164 dams available for heritability estimation. Statistical analysis: Data of this study were analyzed by using univariate GLM procedure of SPSS 10.0 for Windows computer programme. Correlation and regression analysis were don. The differences in means were tested using Least Significant Difference (LSD) method. Variance and covariance components of the body weight traits were estimated using Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) approach by VCE4 computer program. The animal model for hatch weight, 12 week and 16 week weight body weight included the fixed effects of hatch number and sex of the chicken birds itself as a random effect. The analysis was done in a single trait animal model.

Source of Information: BLRI. Proceedings of the Annual Research Review Workshop 2009-2010, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results revealed that among the three native genotypes of chicken, hatching egg weight, chick weight, chick: egg ratio, 8 week body weight, daily gain, total gain FCR, early sexual maturity and 16 week body weight of Naked Neck were promising compare to other two native genotypes. It may be concluded that Naked Neck is genetically superior to Non-descriptive Desi (ND) and Hilly in terms of above productive and productive and reproductive parameters. Medium to high heritability suggests that genetic selection for body weight may be effective to improve this trait. Further study for the conservation and development of native chickens to be continued which can lead to start selection or breeding programmes in native chicken genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings