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Study of Selective Biochemical Profiles and Seasonal Incidence of Blood Protozoa and Gi Parasites of Red Chittagong Cattle in Bangladesh.

M. A. M. Prodhan
Department of Medicine and Surgery,Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU)

S. K. M. A. Islam
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University(CVASU)

Z. Ferdowshi
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University(CVASU)

K. Roy
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University(CVASU)

M. Azizunessa
Department of Medicine and Surgery,Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU)

M. S. Sarker
Animal Production Research Division,Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted to determine the biochemical profiles of RCC and local cattle in 5 upazillas of Chittagong district during July, 2009 to January, 2010. The cattle were divided into three age groups such as calf (1 to 2y) and cow respectively. Blood samples were collected from cattle once during rainy season that showed all the values were within the normal limit except glucose, which was found lower. Level of glucose was significantly higher (p<0.05) in heifer and RC calf compared to local calf and the level of magnesium was also found significantly higher in RC heifer than local heifer. Within the same breed, calcium and glucose showed significant (p<0.05) variation between cow and heifer. Serum magnesium level serum was significantly higher in local heifer than local calf. In both RC and local cattle, all the values were found decreased with advancement of age except the values of glucose and magnesium. Further, to investigate the diseases incidence in RCC and local cattle, a study was conducted in the same 5 upazilla. A total of 450 numbers of fecal samples were collected in three seasons (summer, rainy and winter) from RCC and local cattle and examined following standard procedure to find out the prevalence of different nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, blood and gut protozoa. The prevalence of Fasciola spp, Paramphistomum spp, Oesophagostomum spp, Bonostomum sp., Haemoncus sp., Trigostrongylus sp., Tape worm, Coccidial oocysts, B.coli, Babesia sp., Anaplasmasp., Theileria sp., were higher in local cattle than RC cattle. Within the RC cattle, parasitic prevalence was higher during winter season.

Keywords: RCC, Metabolic, Parasite.

Location: RC cattle concentrated area in Chittagong district

Start Date: 01-07- 2009

End Date: 30-06-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

1.To determine the selective serum biochemical parameters (Glucose, total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium) of RCC and local cattle. 2.To find out the relation /variation of the selective biochemical parameters among different age groups (cow, cattle and heifer) within and between in RCC and local cattle. 3. To find out the seasonal variation of GI parasites and blood protozoan parasitic incidence in RCC and local cattle. 4.To find out the variation of GI parasites and blood protozoan parasitic incidence between in RCC and local cattle.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in RC cattle concentrated area in Chittagong district. Serum samples were examined at the laboratory under the department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology in Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). The samples were collected from Potia, Anowara, Chandanish, Satkania and Raojan areas. The investigation was carried out to determine the calcium, total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium level in the serum of RCC and compare it with local cattle present in the same region at different age groups. A brief description of the experimental approaches and methodology followed are portrayed below. Experimental design: Samples were collected from different upazillas of Chittagong district having concentrated RC cattle and Local cattle selected from the same area to simplify and to find out the better relation or variation among the animals. Stratified random sampling was followed to select animal at different age and parity and the selections for the research were performed by well developed questionnaire. Site selection: The study of RC cattle and Local cattle was conducted on 5 upazillas such as Potia, Anowara, Chandanish, Satkania and Raojan in Chittagong district. Number of sample: A total number of 150 (N= 150) samples of RC cattle and Local cattle from different selected upazilla were collected for the study. Selection of animal: The RC cattle and Local cattle of various age groups, female calves (birth to 12 months), heifers (1 to 3 years) and adults cows (above 3 years) were selected for the study. Randomized sampling was followed for selection of animal. Five samples were collected from each age group and from each species. Time duration: The study was conducted for a six months long period from June, 2009 to November, 2009 but the animals were bled once in rainy season. Location of laboratory: The tests for biochemical parameters determination were performed in the Biochemistry laboratory of CVASU. Before starting the biochemical analyzer purged thoroughly with water and than dry with air. The auto analyzer was trialed three times before final running. Collection of blood and separation of sera: A total 150 blood samples were drawn from jugular vein with the help of Vacutainer without anti-coagulant for serum separation. Approximately 5 ml of whole blood was drawn from each animal in serum-separator tubes (SST) (BD Vacutainer; NJ, USA) by venipuncture. Samples were collected morning, approximately 10 AM, however due to the number of animals being processed, the collection time varied slightly. Samples were also collected from animals randomly order in the particular collection day and kept in a rack after labeling of age and sex and put in the ice box until researched to laboratory. After formation of serum, it was separated manually by using sterilized syringe. Then the separated serum samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain clear serum. Finally, centrifuged serum was taken in a clean Eppendorf tube and labeled according to the same way. Storage of sample: The obtained serum samples were stored in deep freeze at - 20? with capped sterile Eppendorf tube until analysis. Analytical procedures: Glucose, total serum protein, calcium and phosphorus of the serum were analyzed in a biochemical analyzer (Model: PLD-951/951A/951B). Different diagnostic kits were used for the evaluation for these (respective) analyses as per instructions given by the manufacturer. The analytical procedures are discussed details in later in respective chapter. Examination of blood smears for study blood protozoa: Blood samples were examined in the laboratory through thin smear technique. One drop of blood was taken on microscopic slide ( as direct smear) from each animals sample and a thin smear was made, fixed with ethanol for 10 minutes and stained with Giemsa stain. The stained blood smears were examined under microscope at X40 and X100 respectively. Collection of fecal samples: A total of 450 of fecal samples were collected from RCC and Local cattle aseptically following ethical consideration. Fecal samples approximately 10gm was collected directly from the rectum using polythene gloves and stored in small jeep lock plastic bag filled with 10% formalin. Gross examination of faces sample was done. Each sample was brought to the parasitology laboratory, CVASU for further examination. Examination of fecal samples: Beyond the physical examination of faces samples (color, odor, consistency) direct smear and floatation technique (Soulsby, 1986) were followed to detect the parasitic eggs, ova, cyst tapeworm segments and larvae in the fecal materials. Statistical analysis: At first, raw data were organized by using computer Excel program and then analyzed by using SPSS (15.5) statistical program for one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD (Least Significant Differences) was done to know the differences among the groups and breeds of cattle; means at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: BLRI. Proceedings of the Annual Research Review Workshop 2009-2010 Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above result it was clear that there was no remarkable variation in serum metabolites between RC cattle and Local cattle. All the values were within the reference lavel glucose which was found lower. However, only glucose level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in RC calf than Local calf. Within the same breed, variation was not notable also, only calcium and glucose showed significant (p<0.05) variation between RC cow and RC calf. Serum inorganic Phosphorus of local breed was found to be of significant (p<0.05) variation between cow and heifer/calf. In both RC and local cattle, all the values were found decreased with increase of age. Except glucose level cattle and total protein in both RC cattle and local cattle did not follow the same manner. However, Bangladesh is a subtropical country; ecologically GI parasites and blood protozoa are surviving in nature round the year. Chance of parasitic infestation rate in life animal is higher in all seasons, though seasonal variations (summer, rainy and winter) are district. The load of parasitic infestations showed a little variation among the seasons. So regular de-warming should be continued to protect the RC population for conservation.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings