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Stock Improvements and Dissemination of Commercially Important Tilapia and Climbing Perch Koi Through Genetic Selection

Dr. A. H. M. Kohinoor
Senior Scientific Officer
Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201

Dr. Durin Akhter Jahan
Senior Scientific Officer
Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The growth performance of the GIFT strain after six generations of selection was evaluated with founder stock comprising 300 individuals from 30 families of the GIFT strain introduced from The World Fish Center, Malaysia, in March 2005. Preliminary analysis showed that the upgraded fish had 7.2, 13.1, 23.2 30.3 35.38 and 39.25% greater harvest weight than that of the founder population (non selected population) in G1, G2, G3 G4, G5 and G6 generations, respectively. BFRI has supplied seed to about 150 hatcheries, which in turn multiply and distribute GIFT fry to fish farmers throughout the country. In another study, stock improvement program of climbing perch Koi (A. testudineus) was also undertaken through brood stock replacement technique. The largest 400 individuals (200 male and 200 female) of parental generation were selected and stocked in a breeding pond for the production of F1 generation. The F₂ generation of Thai koi showed 11.97% higher growth than parental population.

Keywords: Stock improvements, Dissemination, Tilapia, Climbing perch Koi, Genetic selection

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: January 2012

End Date: June 2016

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Tilapia, Koi/Climbing

Objectives:

Stock improvement of BFRI-GIFT strain using family selection protocol; stock improvement of Thai Koi using brood stock replacement technique; evaluation of growth performance of improved BFRI-GIFT and Thai koi; Distribution of improved BFRI-GIFT strain and Thai koi among selected hatchery operators.

Methodology:

On the basis of family wise highest breeding values of F₆ generation (tagged fish), the selected best 60 males were crossed with 60 females for production of F₇ generation of tilapia. A pair of female and male breeders (1:1) were stocked in each breeding hapa. Then 300 fry from each progeny family was transferred to separate series of nursery hapas in a pond. From 300 fry, 100-150 fry were transferred to the rearing hapa until the attainment of 8-10g. From each progeny group at least 20 male and 20 female fish were tagged using Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags. From each progeny group at least 40-50 tagged fingerlings (25 male and 25 female) were transferred in a pond for communal rearing of 5 months. Evaluation of growth performance of the BFRI GIFT strain after seven generation of selection was carried out for a period of five months in pond in 2 treatments as T₁- founder population and T₂- F₇ generation. In case of Thai koi (A. testudineus), largest and heaviest individuals of founder generation of each sex was selected and stocked in pond for the production of F₂ generation following family selection protocol. For evaluating the growth performance of F₂ generation of Thai koi a stocking density of 75,000/ha was maintained. Moreover, mass seed production of native koi was tried for 60 days with 6 days old koi spawn to produce the fry with higher growth rate and survival. Germplasm of improved BFRI-GIFT strain and Thai Koi were distributed in four sub-stations of BFRI and brood bank of DoF.

Source of Information: Annual Research Program 2012-13. BFRI, Mymensingh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: Forty lakh

Total Budget (Tk.) : Forty lakh

Achievement/Findings:

The development of Genetically Improved Tilapia (GIFT) technology that is based on traditional selective breeding and is meant to improve commercially important traits of tropical farmed fish is a major milestone in the history of tilapia aquaculture. The GIFT was developed by World Fish Center through several generations of selection from a base population involving eight different strains of Nile tilapia. In on-station and on-farm trials of BFRI, the GIFT strain was reported to show 35-57% superior growth than that of the existing strain of the country. The rate of genetic gain in weight of fish was greater up to third generation but it was decreased gradually after that and up to sixth generation. The reason behind such a decrease in genetic gain in particularly for body weight might be the accumulation of inbreeding. Therefore, the genetic improvement strategy for GIFT was re-designed. Now the stock improvement program is being implemented through family selection protocol. On the other hand, breeding technology of koi, A. testudineus had successfully been developed in BFRI, but the growth rate is very slow in comparison to Thai koi. Following the stock improvement programme of tilapia, generation of koi also improved.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings