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Development of Rumen Undegradable Protein Mix for Dairy Cattle from Plant Sources.

S. M. Amanullah
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

R. N. Subarna
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

K. S. Huque
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Abstract: Protein is one of the major limiting nutrients in the diets of lactating dairy cows. This is particularly the case for cows in early lactation when DM intake is relatively low and protein requirement is high. Feeding a diet containing more protein is not a significantly solution because the breakdown of dietry protein in the rumen is one of the most inefficient processes in ruminant nutrition. In an attempt to overcome this inefficacy, dietry protein sources that are considered to be good sources of “bypass” or protected or rumen undegradable protein have been used. However, available and sheep sources of rumen bypass/ undegradable/ protected protein are a problem in our country. Exploring plant sources rich in rumen undegradable protein, which are available and can be cultivated easily by the farmers therefore, might be the suitable alternative effort. Among the plant sources, Moringa oleifera leaves, which have been described as miracle tree may be a good sources of rumen undegradable plant protein. As livestock feed, moringa leaves could provide a high quality protein since it contains all essential amino acids, rare in any other plant protein.Total protein digestibility of these leaves is high (85-90%), however, rumen undegradability is 49%. Moringa foliage has been found to increase animal productivity (Foidle et al., 2001) as well. Therefore this study is undertaken with the objectives to develop cultivation techniques of Moringa, to know the effects of Moringa leaves feeding on milk production. With the view to develop intensive cultivation technique of Maringa and biomass production for animal feeding, at first a nursery was established to produce moringa saplings. For this purposes small seed beds and poly bags were used. Poly bags were filled with soils and one seed in each bag was planted at 0.5 inch deep. Soil preparation was done by conventional tillage using a tractor and mechanical tools, cleaning the land from weeds and plant debris and disk ploughing followed by two disks harrowing and furrowing. Therefore due to the extreme shortage of saplings the planned design for intensive cultivation technique development using different seed rate, with or without fertilization, with or without irrigation etc was not possible to execute. Weeding was done twice before harvesting. First cutting was done after 60 days of transplanting and the yield was recorded 60 kg/acre much lower to conduct a feeding trial. Second cutting was not possible yet. To know the effects of Moringa leaves feeding twelve indigenous cows of similar parity and production level were selected and distributed into two groups at random having 6 cows in each group. Keeping one group control the other group was fed dried moringa leaves at a rate of 300 g/d. Dried leaves were supplied by mixing with concentrate. The trial was continued for 60 days. No significant differences between the control and the moringa leaves fed group in terms of milk production. There was also no significant difference in milk composition in terms of fat, protein, lactose and SNF.

Keywords: Rumen undegradable protein, Dairy cattle, Plant sources.

Location:

Start Date: 01-07-2009

End Date: 30-06-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fodder

Objectives:

1. To identify cultivation technique of moringa as fodder.

2. To know the effects of moringa leaves feeding on milk production.

Methodology:

With the view to develop intensive cultivation technique of moringa and biomass production for animal feeding at first a nursery was established to produce moringa saplings. For this purpose small seed beds and poly bags were used. . Poly bags were filled with soils and one seed in each bag was planted at 0.5 inch deep. Poly bags were kept in a cold place under shade. A land of 77020 sq. ft was divided into 36 equal plots of about 2000 sq. ft and the remaining land was used for drainage and cross road among the plots. Soil preparation was done by conventional tillage using a tractor and mechanical tools, cleaning the land from weeds and plant debris and disk ploughing followed by two disks harrowing and furrowing. Experimental animals: Twelve lactating cows of similar parity were selected and distributed into two treatment groups at random having 6 cows in each group. The experimental treatment were supplementary with or without moringa leaves powder at a rate of 300 gm/cow/d. Feeding of the animals: All animal received ad libitum (at least 10% in excess of requirement) Napier silage as the basal diet. They also received a concentrate mixture at a rate of 3.0 kg/d/cow. The concentrate allowance was divided into two halves and offered at 8.00 AM and 3.00 P.M. Silage refusal was weighted every day to estimate daily intake through out the experimental period of 60 days. Collection, processing, preservation, feeding of moringa leaves: Moringa leaves were collected freshly along with their twigs. Then it was air dried and packed into air tight plastic sac. The animals under treatment group were supplied dried moringa leaves at a rate of 300 g/d/cow. Weighted amount of leaves was divided in two halves and supplied with concentrate mixture. Management of animals: The animals were reared in face out stanchion bran for the whole experimental period. Cows were cleaned and washed prior to their morning milking. Milk yield was recorded daily and milk samples were collected fortnightly for the determination of fat, SNF, protein, lactose, mineral content of milk. Chemical analysis: Samples of UMS, concentrate mixture and moringa leaves powder were analyzed for dry matter, ash, organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber according to the method of described by AOAC. Milk was analyzed for milk fat, SNF, protein, lactose, mineral content using lactostar. Statistical analysis: The data from growth and digestibility trial were analyzed using paired sample t-test in SPSS 11.5.

Source of Information: BLRI. Proceedings of the Annual Research Review Workshop 2009-2010, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

No positive impact of feeding moringa leaves on milk production milk composition of cows observed. Further study may be conducted feeding of fresh morigna leaves in milking cows.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings