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Study on Different Levels of Rumen Degradable Protein and Readily Degradable Carbohydrate on Milk Urea Nitrogen of Cows.

M. A. Baset
Animal Production Research Division,Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet.

S. M. Amanullah
Animal Production Research Division,Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

N. R. Sarker
Animal Production Research Division,Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

K. S. Haque
Animal Production Research Division,Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

M. N. Islam
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

M. M. Hossain
Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

N. Sultana
Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was undertaken to evaluate the feeding effects of conventional feed proteins on MUN content of cows and to determine the effect of graded levels of readily degradable charbohydrate on MUN content, milk yield, milk composition, live weight change and nutrient digestibility. The study was conducted in the Central Cattle Breeding Station and Dairy Farm (CCBS and DF) of the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) from Nov 2009-March 2010. A control diet (T₀) was formulated with feed ingredients mostly used by farmers where ME and rumen degradable protein (RDP) were adjusted as per maintenance and production requirement of the cows. With constant ME concentration, the RDP of the control diet was decreased (T₁) or increased (T₂) by 25% of the required level either in absence (0% 0f roughage DM) or presence (15% 0f roughage DM) of molasses, a readily degradable source of charbohydrate. DMI among treatments were almost similar but the difference was significant (p<0.05) between molasses groups. Profound (p<0.01) treatment effect on CP intake was found whereas the molasses had none. Both treatments and molasses significantly (p<0.01) influenced RDP intake of cows. Intake of readily degradable charbohydrate in treatments (T₁, T₀, T₂) and in molasses group differed significantly (p<0.01). N intake among the treatments differed significantly (p<0.01). but it was more or less similar in molasses groups. Irrespective of treatment groups, mean milk production was 6.70 kg/d metabolic trial and on an average 7.27 kg/d throughout the experimental period. Milk yield was correlated with DMI (r=0.79), CP (r=0.66), RDP (r=0.58) and readily degradable charbohydrate (r=0.30). Average milk protein contents were 37.31, 36.36 and 37.75 g/d in T₁, T₀ and T₂ and 37.32 and 36.90 g/d in molasses groups, respectively. Intake of DM, CP, RDP and readily degradable charbohydrate were negatively correlated to milk protein yield through these variables had positive correlations with milk yield. The negative relationship between CP and milk protein yield probably also be an indicator of excess UDP in diets. Excessive diets has been associated with a decrease in microbial protein synthesis and amino acid flow to the small intestine. The correlation between MUN and microbial N was r = 0.45 ands between MUN and milk N was r = 0.58. The MUN concentration varied significantly (p<0.01) among treatments (20.17, 23.45 and 27.61 mg/d, respectively) and between molasses group. The correlation between MUN and Bun values were r = 0.95, which was highly significant. An intercept of 1.47 mg/dl for MUN implies that this amount of urea may originate from amino acid metabolism in the mammary secretory cells. It may be concluded that RDP and readily degradable charbohydrate have positive impact on milk production and it is also revealed that MUN highly positive correlated with CP and RDP contents and readily degradable charbohydrate has little impact on MUN contents of milk.

Keywords: Rumen, Degradable protein, Readily degradable, Carbohydrate, Milk, Urea nitrogen, Cows.

Location: Central Cattle Breeding Station and Dairy Farm (CCBS and DF), Savar, Dhaka of the Department of Livestock Services (DLS)

Start Date: 01-07-2009

End Date: 30-06-2010

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Fortified food

Objectives:

1. To determine optimum feeding levels of rumen degradable protein (RDP) and readily degradable charbohydrate to optimize MUN content. 2. To determine feeding effect of RDP and readily degradable charbohydrate on lactation yield, milk composition, live weight change and nutrient digestibility.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the Central Cattle Breeding Station and Dairy Farm (CCBS and DF), Savar, Dhaka of the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) from Nov 2009-March 2010. The experiment was contained for 150 days during the period of Nov 2009-March 2010. Thirty multiparous crossbred cows (Holstein Fresian X Local cattle) of 323.65) kg liveweight were randomly allocated to six treatments in a completely randomized design. Rice straw (08:00 and 16:00) and silage (09:00 and 17:00) were offered ad libitum twice daily. Concentrate mixture was supplied as per requirement twice daily before milking. A control diet (T₀) was formulated with feed ingredients mostly used by farmers where ME and rumen degradable protein (RDP) were adjusted as per maintenance and production requirement of the cows. Keeping the ME concentration constant the RDP of the control diet was decreased or increased by 25% of the required level either in the presence (T₁ and T₂ respectively) or the absence (T₃ and T₄ respectively) of molasses, a readily degradable sources of charbohydrate. Six diets were fed to six different groups of animals having 5 cows each of similar average live weight and lactation yield. The experiment was continued 150 days including an initial 15 days adjustment period. Animals were housed in a face-out-stanchion barn throughout the experimental period. Animal weighting and BCS: Liveweight of each cow was measured weekly at 9:00 to 10:30 am using a calibrated electronic digital scale (Portable Digital Cattle Weighting Balance, developed by APRD Lab., BLRI) and liveweight changes were measured from the difference between the mean of initial and final liveweights. Body Condition Scpre (BCS) was assessed by palpating individual body parts and an average score was recorded on a 5-point scale, where 1 was emaciated and 5 was obese. Chemical composition: The data on feeds, refusals, feces and urine were recorded and analyzed for nutrient composition dry matter (DM), Ash, organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N). Urinary N also measured in the same way. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was measured. Water soluble charbohydrate was analyzed. The urine samples were analyzed for determining purine derivatives (allantoin + 15% correction for uric acid) and the microbial protein absorbed in the intestine was estimated from the knowledge of purine : protein ratio in microbial biomass. Determination of milk composition: Daily milk yield was recorded and samples of morning and afternoon milk were collected weekly and analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, SNF and minerals in Dairy Science Lab. Of APRD, BLRI using a milk Analyzer (Lactostar, Funke Gerber). Determination of MUN and BUN: Blood samples were collected 15 days interval directly from the jugular vein and serum was separated. Milk and blood serum were analyzed following a newly developed HPLC based method of APRD Lab. (Knauer, Berlin, Germany) for MUn and BUN content. HPLC isocratic system consisting a HPLC Pump K-501 solvent delivery system, a manual injector, a K-2501 spectrophotometric UV detector all from phase and detection was done at 195 nm. 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 10.0 mg/dl urea standard solution was prepared in acetonitrile. The concentration of MUN and Bun was calculated from the standard curve. 500 ml milk sample and 500 ml metaphosphoric acid solution (1.12%) was taken in a eppendrof tube, the mixture was vortexed and centrifuged at 3000 rpm at 4? for 20 min precipitate protein. 100 ml supertant was taken to another eppendrof tube and 900 ml acetonitrile was added mixed well and centrifuged at 1000 rpm at 4? for 20 min precipitate. Supertant was filtered with syringe filter and 80 ml supernatant was injected. All data were analyzed in a 3 (RDP level) × 2 (molasses level) factorial experiment following the principles of CRD. LSD differentiated treatment means.

Source of Information: BLRI. Proceedings of the Annual Research Review Workshop 2009-2010, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the study, it may be concluded that RDP and readily degradable charbohydrate have positive impact on milk production and it is also revealed that MUN highly positive correlated with CP and RDP contents and readily degradable charbohydrate has little impact on MUN contents of milk.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings