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Development and Production of Formalin Killed Pullorum Disease Vaccine Using Local Isolate in Bangladesh.

Dr. Md. Mokbul Hossain
Professor
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Pullorum Disease (PD) is one of the most common infectious, acute and fatal diseases in chickens in Bangladesh, causing great loss during the first 1-3 weeks of age. Adult fowls, especially laying hens, act as a carrier and transmit infection through eggs to the chicks before hatching. This disease is caused by Salmonella Pullorum. It causes economic losses through mortality, morbidity and reduction in egg production. The mortality of PD is confined mainly to the first 1-3 weeks old chicks and varies from 35 to 100%. Since poultry is one of the most important reservoirs of Salmonella that can be transmitted to humans through the food-chain, public health concerns have increasingly made the prevention of the food borne transmission of disease to humans an urgent priority for poultry producers. Salmonella Pullorum (SP) is an avian-specific pathogen disseminating a devastating disease in poultry. The causal bacteria of PD affect many tissues in the chickens, localize in the reproductive tissues and are vertically transmitted to progeny via the eggs. Salmonella infections are major problems of the poultry farming in Bangladesh. The incidence of Salmonellosis in Bangladesh was found to be about 45% in ovarian swab. According to WTO, exportable eggs and meat of chickens must be free from Salmonella. To ensure Salmonella free eggs and meat, vaccination is one of the best tools. For prevention and control of the PD and other Salmonella infections, vaccination with effective vaccines to the layer or breeder flock is the most important and effective tool. For this master seed of Salmonella Pullorum bacteria from local isolate is important for production of effective vaccine. At present appropriate vaccine either locally produced or imported is not available in Bangladesh for controlling such an important disease. This vaccine development by locally isolated Salmonella Pullorum is first of its kind in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken for development of vaccine and efficacy determination for the control of PD and other poultry Salmonellosis aiming to make our poultry products (meat and egg) free from Salmonella infection. These vaccine bacteria were characterized at the molecular level for patenting this vaccine in Bangladesh. Realizing the importance of the problems, The Krishi Gobeshona Foundation provided both financial and technical support to the product to achieve the objectives.

Keywords: Development, Production, Formalin, Killed Pullorum Disease, Vaccine.

Location: Pathology Laboratory, BAU

Start Date: 01-05-2009

End Date: 30-05-2011

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

1. Molecular characterization of Salmonella Pullorum organism and production of vaccine from the local isolate. 2. Phylogenetic relationship of the vaccine bacteria with the field isolates will be determined.

Methodology:

The project was conducted at the Pathology Laboratory, BAU through (morphological examination by Gram’s stain), biochemical test and reserve transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Morphological study of Salmonella Pullorum bacteria was done by Gram’s staining. Basic sugars such as dextrose, manitol, xylose, lactose, sucrose, dulcitol, inositol, were used for carbohydrate fermentation test. Different types of biochemical test were performed for confirmation Salmonella Pullorum organisms. For this purpose 3 biochemical tests as methyl red (MR) test, Voges-Proskauer (VP) test and Indole test were conducted. After confirmation of Salmonella Pullorum with different test and procedures, twenty locally isolated Salmonella Pullorum bacterial culture was maintained in the Department of Pathology. The purity of Salmonella Pullorum was verified cultural, staining and biochemical methods. For PCR analysis of locally isolated Salmonella Pullorum, oilgonucleotide primers targeting the Salmonella inv A gene and rfbs gene were used. Genomic DNA extraction was performed from 20 locally isolated Salmonella Pullorum organisms. The genomic samples were evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively using spectrophotometer and 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively and stored at -200 ? freeze until use.

Source of Information: KGF. TECHNICAL BULLETIN No. 23, 2011, Krishi Gebeshona Foundation, Dhaka-1215.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Vaccine from local isolate of Salmonella Pullorum was produced. Safety, potency and efficacy determination test protocol was developed for the vaccine. Molecular method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis of Salmonellosis has been standardized. The industrialists, exporters and farm owners will be benefited in the production and use of the vaccine enabling them to produce exportable poultry meat and eggs from Salmonella.

Knowledge Management: