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Conservation and Improvement of Red Chittagong Cattle.

M. P. Mostari
Scientific Officer
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

G. K. Deb
Scientific Officer
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

K. S. Huque
Chief Scientific Officer
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The number of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) in their breeding tracts is declining dramatically due to indiscriminate crossbreeding with other exotic breed or other local types and presently these cattle are under the threat of extinct. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objectives to evaluate the population sizes and distribution pattern, production practices and socio-economic status of the RCC farmers in Raozan upazilla of Chittagong district. A total of 301 households were surveyed randomly with the duration of 8 days (December 27, 2005 to January 03, 2006). The households were grouped into four categories depending on land size namely, landless (<0.05 acres), small (0.05 to 2.49 acres), medium (2.50 to 7.49 acres) and large (above 7.50 acres). In order to collect the relevant information interview technique was followed questionnaire was used to collect data from the farmers. Different infectious (FMD, BQ, and Anthrax), nutritional (Bloat), parasitic (Worm and skin diseases) and other unknown diseases were observed in the surveyed areas. No practice of Artificial Insemination (AI) for cattle was observed in the surveyed areas. The findings of the present study revealed that systematic baseline survey on the total number of RCC available in its home tracts an breed characterization with large number of subjective records, ex- situ in – vivo conservation and conduct basic and applied research related to reproduction, physiology, nutrition, health, cytogenetics and bio-chemical genetics will be done for improvement and future use of RCC.

Keywords: RCC population, Gnetic status, Red Chittagong Cattle

Location: Raozan upazilla of Chittagong district

Start Date: 01-07-2005

End Date: 30-06-2008

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

1. Identified and evaluated RCC population, distribution and genetic status; 2. Production performances of RCC; 3. Socio-Economic status of RCC farmers and 4. Breeding, feeding, health and other management practices for RCC. 5. Characterization and cataloguing of genetic and phenotype traits of Red Chittagong Cattle. 6. Improvement of seasonal incidences of different diseases and their controlling measures. 7. Evaluation of reproductive performances of bulls in terms of semen quality; 8. Identification of haemoglobin and transferring polymorphisms and their relationship with some important economic traits. 9. Conservation, improvement and increase the number of Red Chittagong Cattle.

Methodology:

Location and duration of the study: The survey work on Red Chittagong Cattle was conducted in Raozan upazilla of Chittagong district, a long tradition of being the most important centre of trade and commerce. The total area of the upazilla is 247 sq. km. The whole upazilla is divided into fourteen unions. Out of 14, six unions, namely Dabuya, Haldiya, Gujra, Binajuri, Kadolpur and Urkir Char have been selected purposively for this study. The surveyed areas (the villages of different unions of Raozan) were selected randomly neither with personal preference nor considering the communication or transport facilities. A total of 301 households were selected randomly with the duration of 8 days (December 27, 2005 to January 03, 2006). The households were grouped into four categories depending on land size namely, landless (<0.05 acres), small (0.05 to 2.49 acres), medium (2.50 to 7.49 acres) and large (above 7.50 acres). Preparation of questionnaire: The questionnaire was carefully designed keeping the purposes of the study in view. Data collection: In order to collect the relevant information interview technique was followed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the farmers. Population Size and Distribution Pattern: To know the population size and distribution pattern of RCC, the number of households, the total cattle population by breed per house, the categories of cattle by breed or genotype and the total cattle population along with the number of RCC in different farm size were studied. Population characteristics: The population characteristics studied under this experiment were service per conception (S/C) in no gestation length (GL) in days, calving interval (CL) in days, postpartum heat period (PPH) in days and days open in days according to the farmers opinion. Socio-Economic Information: Under this study the socio-economic information of the farmers like land size, occupation, education , family members per house and yearly income of the respondents. Management Practices: The management practiced by the farmers for their studied in the experiment were breeding, feeding, housing, health and disease incidences with the mortality and other management etc. Summarization, Data analysis and Tabulation: All the data collected from the farmers were untried into computer, organized and analyzed by using descriptive statistical method and percentages. A number of tables were prepared on the basis of the objectives of the study.

Source of Information: BLRI. Animal Production Research Division, Research Reports 2005-2006, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) : 700000

Achievement/Findings:

The concentration of RCC was found to be varied from area to area within the upazilla. The total number of cattle per households in Raozan upazilla was 2.47 and one house kept 0.30 RCC. The small farmers were the highest raisers of RCC. More than 52% rural people were engaged in agriculture and about 25% people were illiterate or have no education. The males were heavier than females and the growth rate of male was higher compared to other indigenous males. For this reason, the RCC males may be used for beef fattening. On the other, the farmers were genetically potential in terms of reproduction. So, selection and consequence breeding may results in achieving the genetic gain of desirable economic traits. The management practices of RCC varied based on the socio-economic conditions of the farmers, season and feed availability. Most of the farmers followed semi-intensive production system with no cultivated fodder land. The major disease out breaks in the area was FMD, which was the 40.63% of the total disease incidences. Now a days RCC have been rapidly disappearing due to haphazard or unplanned crossbreeding. If such crossbreeding continues, RCC may extinct in near future. The RCC bulls should be conserved immediately in different al stations in its breeding tracts (southeastern districts) for natural and AI service to protect haphazard crossing.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings