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Conservation, Multiplication and Testing of High Yielding Fodder Crops in Different Production Systems.

N. R. Sarker
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

K. S. Huque
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

M. K. Alam
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

S. M. J. Hossain
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An agronomic trial was conducted with five Napier (Pennisetum purpureum var.) cultivars including one check (BLRI Napier-hybrid) collected from Japan and Vietnam at the red soil Madhupur tract of Savar with objectives to investigate the biomass yield, morphological characteristics and botanical fractions, nutritive value and in-sacco dry matter degradability. The selected napier cultivars were grown under identical condition having plot size of 15 × 15 sq.m with replications in each cultivar. Therefore, a total of 25 plots were made for this agronomical trial and each cultivar was placed in five plots at random. During land preparation fermented cow dung was applied @ of 35 kg/decimal. The cuttings were transplanted at 70 cm distance from line to line and 35 cm distance from row to row. Five kilograms of fodder from each cultivar was divided manually into three fractions namely leaf blade, leaf sheath and stem (DM basis). All five Napier cultivars silages (4-mm ground) were also included for a period of 72 h in duplicates in ruminally-cannulated animals to determine In-sacco DM degradability. The study revealed that the number of hill/ha of land varied from 24.70 thousand to 29.24 and there was no significant different among the cultivars. The number of tiller per hill was the highest in MREKERON and the lowest in BLRI N. hybrid. The DM content of all cultivars was mostly similar but in the DM (t/ha/cut) yield was significantly higher in WRUK-WONA and the lowest in MREKERON. Similarly, CP yield (t/ha/cut) was also significantly the highest in WRUK-WONA and the lowest in BLRI N. hybrid. The check cultivar (BLRI N. hybrid contained the highest proportion of leaf blade (56%) and leaf (81%) but the lowest proportion of stem (19%). Similarly, Napier-Japan contained the proportion of leaf (70%) followed by MREKERON. Napier-Vietnam and WRUK-WONA, respectively. The results indicated that the CP content was significantly higher (p<0.05) in MREKERON (14.43) and the lowest in BLRI N. hybrid (10.40). There was no significant difference in Cp among BLRI N. hybrid, N. Vietnam, Napier Japan and WRUK-WONA. The ADF content was higher in BLRI N. hybrid compared to other cultivars. There was no difference (p>0.05) between N. Vietnum and N. Japan in ADF content but the difference was significantly between (p<0.05) WRUK-WONA and MREKERON. The lower ADF value in WRUK-WONA and MREKERON corresponded to significantly (p<0.05) higher In-sacco DM degradability at 72 hrs. of incubation compared to N. Japan BLRI N. hybrid and N. Vietnum respectively. The results revealed that the cultivars with lower ADF content had higher in sacco rumen degradability of DM. The calculated ME (MJ kg/DM) varied from 9.15 to 10.08 among the cultivars. The oxalate content was the highest in N. Vietnum (2.81%) and lowest in N Japan (0.84%). It is mentioned here that the percent digestibility of DM (47.05 vs 50.68), OM (55.64 vs 61.01), CP (48.57 vs 53.09) and (48.81 vs 49.27) in BLRI N. hybrid and N., respectively.

Keywords: Biomass yields, Morphological characteristics, Nutritive value.

Location: Madhupur tract of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Research Farm, Savar

Start Date: 01-07-2011

End Date: 30-06-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fodder

Objectives:

To determine the suitability, production performance and nutritional quality of those germplasm in the agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh, an agronomic trial was conducted with the following objectives; 1. Evaluation of different HYV Napier cultivars in terms of biomass yield and nutritive value. 2. Selection of the best cultivars for further propagation and distribution of cuttings to farmers.

Methodology:

An agronomic trial was conducted with five Napier (Pennisetum purpureum var.) cultivars including one check (BLRI Napier-hybrid) collected from Japan and Vietnam at the red soil Madhupur tract of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Research Farm, Savar, with objectives to investigate the biomass yield, morphological characteristics and botanical fractions, nutritive value and in-sacco dry matter degradability. The five Napier cultivars including one check (BLRI-Napier- 1, Napier Vietnam, Napier Japan and WRUK-WONA and MARKERON) were grown under identical condition having plot size of 15 × 15 sq.m with replications in each cultivar. Therefore, a total of 25 plots were made for this agronomical trial and each cultivar was placed in five plots at random following the method of randomized complete block design (RCBD). During land preparation fermented cow dung was applied @ of 35 kg/decimal. The cuttings were transplanted at 70 cm distance from line to line and 35 cm distance from row to row. During land preparation Phosphate (TSP) and MP were applied @ 150 and 125 kg/ha. Urea at the rate of 50 kg was applied 20-30 days after transplanting followed by further 50 kg urea was applied after 10-12 days of each cutting. Weeding and irrigation were done when necessary. Green fodder each plot was harvested manually after 60 days of transplantation approximately 10-12 cm above ground. The biomass yield was determined in each plot and converted the yield in tons/ha. The representative samples taken from biomass, chopped approximately 2-3 cm length and send to laboratory for nutritive evaluation. Biomass yield of five Napier cultivars was measured by weighing the mass. Height and number of hill (/ha) and tiller number per hill was counted. In Sacco Degradability: The degradability of different fodder cultivars from different treatments of first cutting was determined according to the method described by Mehrez and Orskov (1977). Preparation of sample: The collected fresh samples of fodder were cut into as small as possible by scissor and placed in the nylon bags for incubation. Animals: Three adults male cattle more than 300 Kg live weight (about 4 years of age) fitted with permanent rumen canula were used for the experiment. The animals were kept in individual pen under close observation and under appropriate hygienic condition. Diets: For 10 days before and during the study cattle were fed a diet (2.0% body weight) composed of similar roughages (70%) and concentrates (30%) having 7.5-8.0% CP to meet their maintenance requirement. Procedures of nylon bags technique: The nylon bag technique described by Mehrez and Orskoz (1977) was used to obtain the rumen degradation values of DM. Intake and digestion trial: To determine the intake and digestibility of Napier Vietnum, digestion trial was conducted with twelve Pabna bull calves having body weight of 250 kg were used for intake trial. They were divided into two groups. Each group of animal received Napier Vietnum and Napier hybrid silage. No concentrate or other feed was given to the animal except adlibitum drinking water. Faeces and urine were collected throughout the last 5 days of collection period from all animals. Oxalate determination: The oxalate contents of five Napier cultivars were determined using of titration method as per procedure developed by Abaza et al., (1968). Chemical analysis: The proximate and other components of feed and fecal materials were done following the methods described by AOAC (1995). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were estimated by using the methods described by Goering and Van Soest (1970). Kjeldhal method was used for determining the nitrogen (N) content of feed, faeces and milk and the crude protein content were estimated as N×6.25. The ME (MJ kg-1 DM) was estimated according the Ketelaars and Tolkamp (1992) as follows: DOMD (%) = 75.73-(0.269 × ADF%); ME (MJ kg-1 DM) = DOMD (%) x 0.15. Statistical analysis: An analysis of variance was done to determine the varietals differences. Collected data were analyzed statistically by using Compare Means (CM) procedure of one-Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA): Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons of SPSS 11.5 for windows (SPSS Inc. 2002) following the method of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).

Source of Information: BLRI. Proceedings of Annual Research Review Workshop 2011-2012, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results revealed that the cultivars with lower ADF content had higher in sacco rumen degradability of DM. The calculated ME (MJ kg/DM) varied from 9.15 to 10.08 among the cultivars. The oxalate content was the highest in N. Vietnum (2.81%) and lowest in N Japan (0.84%). It is mentioned here that the percent digestibility of DM (47.05 vs 50.68), OM (55.64 vs 61.01), CP (48.57 vs 53.09) and ADF (48.81 vs 49.27) in BLRI N. hybrid and N., respectively. The results so far obtained revealed that the biomass yield of Napier Japan is higher compared to BLRI-Napier hybrid, Napier Vietnum, WURK-WONA and MERKERON and in terms chemical compositions, the CP content is higher in MERKERON followed by WURK-WONA, Napier- Japan, Napier-Vietnum and BLRI-Napier hybrid respectively. On the other hand, ADF and NDF contents are lower in WONA and MERKERON. Further, intake and digestibility studies including all cultivars are planned to achieve final conclusion.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings