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Morphological Characterization and Photo-graphic Documentation of Ayt Materials

Md. Abu Kawochar
Scientific Officer
Tuber Crops Research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

Md. Shafiqul Islam
Scientific Officer
Tuber Crops Research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

M.M. Hossain, B.C. Kundu, M.M. Sheikh, A.A. Mondol, B.K. Goswami and S. Noor

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Thirteen advanced lines of potato derived from own hybridization program of Tuber Crops Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural research Institute were characterized at Breeder Seed Production Centre, Debigonj during winter season in 2012-13. The advanced lines of potato were clone 8.73; 8.46; 8.3; 8.11; 8.102; 8.117; 8.37; 7.33; 7.86; 7.58; 7.95; 7.12 and7.48. Data were collected on twenty-four qualitative traits and sixteen quantitative traits instructed in Descriptor for the Cultivated Potato by IBPGR, Rome, Italy. Quantification of variability for each character was done using the Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index. Characterization data were further subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO) and Cluster Analysis. The collection exhibited low variation for the qualitative characters as reflected by mean diversity index of 0.34. Medium degree of variation exhibited within the collection for the quantitative characters, as reflected by mean diversity value of 0.67. Pooling of diversity values for the qualitative and quantitative characters traits gave an overall diversity index of 0.51, indicative of medium variability existing within the collection. The genotypes were grouped into four different clusters. Cluster I had the maximum of six genotypes while cluster II and IV had only one genotype. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and III and the lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster III and IV. The highest intra cluster distance was found in cluster I, whereas Cluster II (0.00) and cluster IV (0.00) showed zero intra cluster distance due to containing only one genotype. The highest inter-genotype distance was observed between genotypes 8.46 and 7.33 (33.79) and the lowest distance was observed between genotypes 7.86 and 7.48 (5.70). The genotypes of cluster I earned the highest cluster mean value for foliage coverage, plant vigor and tuber number/hill and cluster II produced the highest mean for plant vigor, primary stem/hill, leaf length, leaf width, terminal leaflet blade length, terminal leaflet blade width, lateral leaflet blade length, lateral leaflet blade width, tuber weight/hill and Tuber yield. First three principal components account for 91.75% of the total variation, whereas first principal component accounted for 69.47% of the total variation. From the scree plot, three sample principal components effectively summarized the total sample variance. Results of PCA showed reduction of the sixteen original variables to three independent linear combination of principal component of variables.

Keywords: Potato, Morphological , Photegenic

Location: Joydebpur and Debigonj, Panchagarh

Start Date: October 2012

End Date: April 2013

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

1. To fulfill the DUS test requirement 2. To characterize the advanced breeding materials 3. To develop photographic monograph with descriptors

Methodology:

Thirteen promising advanced lines, developed from own crossing program of Tuber Crops Research Center at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute in Bangladesh, were evaluated during 2012-13 at Debigonj, Panchogor, Bangladesh without replications. The origin of materials and developed/breeding method are shown in table 1. The unit plot size was 3m x 3m. Whole tubers (BSPC, Debigonj source) was planted with a spacing of 60 cm × 25 cm. Planting was done during the second week of November, 2012. Fertilizers were applied @ 325-220-250-120 kg/ha of urea, TSP, MOP and gypsum, respectively. Necessary intercultural operations were done as per TCRC recommendation. Table-1. Origin and breeding method of TCRC, BARI developed advanced lines of potato Clone Origin Breeding Methods Clone Origin Breeding Methods 8.73 Bangladesh Hybridization and selection 7.33 Bangladesh Hybridization and selection 8.46 -do- -do- 7.86 -do- -do- 8.3 -do- -do- 7.58 -do- -do- 8.11 -do- -do- 7.95 -do- -do- 8.102 -do- -do- 7.12 -do- -do- 8.117 -do- -do- 7.48 -do- -do- 8.37 -do- -do- Data collection: At particular stages of growth, accessions were characterized and evaluate for 24 qualitative and 16 quantitative morpho-agronomic characters using the Descriptor for the Cultivated Potato by IBPGR, Rome, Italy (Huaman et al., 1977). For each accession, ten randomly chosen plants were used for scoring of the characters. Data analysis: Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (SWDI): Quantification of variability for each character was done using the Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index. Estimate of variability for each qualitative character was computed using the standardized Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index, designated as H’ and has the formula: H’= -∑Pi(log2Pi)/log2 n Where, Pi is the proportion of the total number of genotypes belonging to the ith class. Following the work of Siopongco et al. (1999), the same formula was applied to the quantitative characters following construction of frequency classes, with the class boundaries equal to some function of mean and standard deviation. For the each quantitative characters, the overall genotype means (x) and standard deviation (σ) were use to subdivide the population values (xi) into 10 frequency classes, ranging from class 1 (if xi ≤ -2σ} to class 10 (if xi ≤ X+2σ), the class interval being 0.5σ. The lowest and highest values were considered to determine the number of classes construct. The diversity considered high when H’ > 0.75, moderate when H’ = 0.50 – 0.75 and low when H’ < 0.50. The Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index has a value ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates absence of diversity and 1 indicates maximum diversity. Multivariate analysis: Mean data for each character was subjected to multivariate statistical analyses using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Principals Coordinate Analysis (PCO) and Cluster Analysis using GENSTAT 5:4.1 software (Copyright, 1997). Principle component analysis: Raw data were first standardrized to zero mean unit variance followed by computation of numerical measures of likeness/similarity and construction of distance matrix using variance-covariance co-efficient. Eigen values and Eigenvectors of the variance-covariance matrix were then computed. Cluster Analysis: Using standardized data, numerical measures of likeness/similarity were computed and distance matrix constructed using Euclidean Distance Coefficients. Clustering by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group of Arithmetic Mean) Method was executed. Table-2. Descriptor list qualitative characters of potato with their code Sl. Major characters Components 01. Branching habit 1 Single; 2 Branching; 3 few branch at the upper part of the stem 02. Stem: colour 1 Green only; 2 Red-brown only; 3 Purple only; 4 Cream with some red–brown; 5 Cream with purple; 6 Red–brown with some green; 7 Purple with some green; 8 Other 03. Stem: Cross Section 1 Round; 2 Angular 04. Leaf Dissection 1 Undissected; 2 Pinnatilobed; 3 Scarcely dissected, 4 Weakly dissected; 5 Medium dissected; 6 Strongly dissected; 7 Very strong dissected; 8 Other 05. Abaxial Leaf Pubescence 0 Glabrous; 1 Glabrescent; 2 Pubescence; 3 Strongly pubescent 06. Adaxial Leaf Pubescence 0 Glabrous; 1 Glabrescent; 2 Pubescence; 3 Strongly pubescent 07. Type of Hairs 0 Absent ; 1 Simple; 2 Simple and glandular; 3 Simple and glandular; 4 Simple and glandular; 5 Other 08. Predominant Tuber Skin Colour 1 White-cream; 2 Yellow; 3 Orange; 4 Brownish; 5 Pink; 6 Red; 7 Purplish–red; 8 Purple; 9 Dark purple-black 09. Secondary Tuber Skin Colour 0 Absent; 1 White–cream; 2 Yellow; 3 Orange; 4 Brownish; 5 Pink; 6 Red; 7 Purplish–black; 8 Purple; 9 Dark purple–black 10. Distribution of Secondary Tuber Colour 0 Absent; 1 Eyes; 2 Eyebrows; 3 Splashed; 4 Scattered; 5 Spectacled; 6 Stippled; 7 Purple; 8 Other 11. Tuber Skin Type 1 Smooth; 2a medium rough; 2 b Rough (flaky); 3 Partially netted; 4 Totally netted; 5 Very heavily netted; 6 Other 12. Predominant Tuber Flesh Colour 1 White; 2 Cream; 3 Yellow – cream; 4 Yellow; 5 Red; 6 Violet 13. Secondary Tuber Flesh Colour 0 Absent; 1 White; 2 Cream; 3 Yellow – cream; 4 Yellow; 5 Red; 6 Violet; 7 Purple; 8 Other 14. Distribution of Secondary Tuber Flesh Colour 0 Absent; 1 Scattered spots; 2 Scattered areas; 3 Narrow vascular ring; 4 Broad vascular ring; 5 Vascularring medulle 6 All flesh exept medulla; 7 Other 15. General Tube shape 1 Compressed; 2 Round ; 3 Ovate ;4 Obovate; 5 Elliptic; 6 Oblong; 7 Long-Oblong; 8 Elongate; 9 Oval 16. Unusual Tuber Shape 0 Absent; 1 Flattened; 2 Clavate; 3 Reniform; 4 Fusiform ; 5 Falcate ; 6 Spiral; 7 Digitate; 8 Concertina; 9 Tuberosed 17. Depth of Tuber Eyes 1 Protruding; 2 Shallow; 3 Medium; 4 Deep; 5 Very deep 18. Notes of Eyes per Tuber 1 Few (less than; 5 Intermediate; 9 Many (more than 20); 19. Distributions of Tuber Eyes 1 Predominantly apical; 2 Evenly distributed 20. Tuber Size 3 Small; 4 Small to medium; 5 Medium; 6 Medium to large; 7 Large 21. Uniformity of Tuber Size 3 Low; 5 Medium; 7 High; 22. Tuber Defects:Crack 0 Absent; 1 Present 23. Secondary growth 0 absent; 1 Present 24. Lenticels 0 Absent; 1 Present

Source of Information: TCRC Annual Report 2012-13

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 30,000/- per location

Total Budget (Tk.) : 30,000/- per location

Achievement/Findings:

Thirteen advanced lines of potato derived from own hybridization program of Tuber Crops Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural research Institute were characterized at Breeder Seed Production Centre, Debigonj during winter season in 2012-13.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings